Neuron Structure
What carry impulses to the cell body
The whole cycle of depolarization, repolarization, and sometimes hyperpolarization is called an __________ which is how neurons transmit signals
Action potential
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
31 pairs
Names a few examples of neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is an example of a neurotransmitter in this system?
Acetylcholine (ach)
What carry impulses away from the cell body.
Axons
What is occurring in depolarization?
Special channels on the neuron open up, allowing positive ions (like sodium) to rush into the cell, making the inside less negative (more positive) and triggering a nerve impulse.
What is the first part or section of our spine called?
Cervical
What is another name for this system?
Fight or flight response
What is another name for this system?
Rest and digest
Some axons insulated and protected by a structure. What is this structure called?
Myelin Sheath
What is occurring in repolarization?
The neuron quickly tries to restore its negative charge by letting positive ions (mainly potassium) flow back out of the cell, returning it to its resting state
What are dermatomes?
A "dermatome" is simply a specific area of skin on your body that is controlled by a single nerve coming from your spinal cord
What effect does this system have on our pupils of our eyes?
Dilation
What effect does this system have on our lacrimal glands?
Secretion of tears
________ carry impulses towards the brain/spinal cord or cell body
Afferent neurons
What is occurring in the rising phase of the action potential?
Sodium channels enter cell
What is the name of the fluid found in our spinal cord?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What effect does the heart have on this system?
Increases heart rate/pulse/strength of beat
What effect does this system have on our heart?
Decreases rate/pulse of beat
_______ carry impulses away to the muscle/tissues of the body and away from the cell body
Efferent neurons
What is occurring in the falling phase of the action potential?
Potassium ions leave cell
Each nerve is attached to the spinal cord by two roots. What is the name of those two roots?
Dorsal root and ventral root
What effect does this system have on the bronchi of our lungs?
Dilation
What is the name of the receptor that binds to acetylcholine?
Cholinergic