Lewis Structures
The number of electrons compounds generally want to have in total when drawing a Lewis structure
What is 8?
The number of electrons shared in a single bond, number of pairs shared in a bond.
What is 2 electrons = 1 electron pair.
109.5
What is the tetrahedral bond angle?
attraction caused by the temporary dipoles in nonpolar molecules
What is London dispersion forces, the weakest intermolecular force?
The molecular formula for water, and its scientific name?
What is H2O, dihydrogen monoxide?
The sum of the exponents when determining hybridization adds up to this.
What is lone pairs + atoms bonded to the central atom
S-1 P-3 , D-5 but only go up to 2, go in order
The difference between sigma and pi bonds
What is a sigma bond is direct overlap, pi bonds is side to side overlap of p orbital. A pi bond is weaker, sigma is always stronger
Single Bond= Sigma
Double Bond=Sigma + Pi
Triple Bond= Sigma +Pi +Pi (stronger because has multiple)
Define an atom.
What is the basic particle of the chemical elements?
What are dipole-dipole attractions? 2nd strongest, stronger because the dipoles are permanent
When naming what comes first the anion or the cation?
What is the Cation?
(cats before ants)
What is the molecular shape is just the shape of the molecules (still influenced by lone pairs) but the electron geometry is the shape that the lone pairs + bonding atoms makes.
When more than one Lewis structure can be drawn for an element
What is resonance? In reality its an average of both structures, or a combination / hybrid
Shapes adjust so valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible
What is VSEPR- valence shell electron pair repulsion?
Special dipole-dipole attraction (bond between hydrogen and unshared electrons) between hydrogen and _________________
What is a hydrogen bond, FON?
The reason you may use roman numerals in naming ionic compounds, for example, Lead (VI) Chloride vs Lead (II) Oxide.
What is for elements that can have multiple charges example Pb+2, Pb +4?
Exceptions to the octet rule (3 things at least)
What is
Hydrogen- happy with 2 electrons
Boron/ Aluminum- happy with 6 electrons
Sulfur- can have 12
Phosphorus- can have 10
Anytime you have an odd number of electrons (radicals)
Diatomic elements that form single bonds
What is Hydrogen, Fluorine, Iodine, Chlorine, and Bromine? so hydrogen and halogens
Oxygen- double bond
Nitrogen- triple bond
Define molecule
What is a chemical bond is an attractive force that holds two or more atoms together?
What is a network solid? Covalent compound with crystal-like structure (graphite, diamond)
How the name of a polyatomic anion changes when naming acids?
What is ate goes to ic
(H2SO4) Sulfate=Sulfuric acid
ite goes to ous
(H2SO3) Sulfite= Sulfurous acid
The 5 main shapes in VSEPR theory?
What is linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, Trigonal Bipyramidal and octahedral?
Explain Bond Dissociation energy and how it changes based on bond type
What is the energy needed to break a covalent bond?
- ionic takes more energy than covalent
- single bond less energy to break than a triple bond
Give an example of a molecule with the molecular geometry of Trigonal Pyramidal.
NH3
Determines if a compound is polar or nonpolar, give details.
What is the polarity of the bonds (END between atoms)
C-H nonpolar, C-O polar, C-Halogens polar
and the shape of the compound (symmetrical= nonpolar, asymmetrical= polar)
prefixes used in covalent compounds (1-10)
What is 1-mono, 2-di, 3-tri, 4-tetra, 5-penta, 6-hexa, 7-hepta, 8-octa, 9-nona, 10-deca?