Important Molecules
This molecule is essential for photosynthesis to occur and is absorbed through plants' roots.
What is water (H2O)?
This stage of cellular respiration converts glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules and produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
What is glycolysis?
This molecule is a product of photosynthesis and is absent in the process of anaerobic respiration.
What is oxygen?
This pigment reflects green light, but absorbs other visible light for photosynthetic use.
What is chlorophyll?
This important molecule stores and releases the energy needed to power cellular processes.
What is ATP?
Under aerobic conditions, how many ATP molecules are produced during respiration? How many times larger is the ATP production in aerobic conditions compared to glycolysis alone?
36 ATP molecules. 18 times greater ATP production
This type of fermentation leads to the production of molecules that make your muscles feel fatigued after working out.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
These types of organisms "make" their own food through photosynthesis.
What are autotrophs?
This molecule acts as an electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration. Its reduced form delivers electrons to the electron transport chain.
What is NAD+?
The Krebs cycle takes place here; the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion.
What is the matrix?
This type of fermentation is carried out by yeast in the process of bread-making.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
What is the equation used to represent photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight -> glucose + oxygen
Explain the importance of pyruvic acid during cellular respiration.
Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis. After glycolysis, pyruvic acid reacts to form acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle.
Explain why the presence of oxygen allows for greater ATP production.
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Without oxygen, the electron transport chain would not be able to create a proton gradient. This proton gradient send protons through an enzyme called ATP synthase which provides a very efficient production of ATP molecules.
Name 5 fermented foods/drinks. What type of fermentation do each of these foods/drinks go through?
Kombucha, kimchi, beer, wine, yogurt, cheese, kefir, sour cream, sourdough bread, etc.
alcoholic fermentation
Imagine you have 2 elodea sprouts. If you place both sprouts in individual cups of water, but place one sprout in a dark cabinet and the other in a windowsill, what would you expect to happen to each of the elodea sprouts after a week? Explain.
The elodea sprout left in the dark cabinet will not be able to carry out photosynthesis, because of the lack of an initial energy source to start the process. The elodea sprout in the windowsill will likely have grown because of the presence of water, sunlight, and gaseous carbon dioxide that mixes with the water.