How Does Writing Develop with ELs?
These are concepts and organizational frames that learners develop in their language
What are schemas?
This is the literacy area where ELs can showcase their skills gained in their new language
What is writing?
These are some aspects that learners acquire in the new language and have to use when writing
What are words, sentence patterns, grammar, genre, and conventions?
This works well to introduce writing concepts to beginners because the writing begins as a dialogue and learners can figure out the meanings in their own way
What is interactive writing?
This is the name for the steps a writer goes through in the process of developing a final piece of writing
What is the writing process?
This is when learners use aspects of their first language to help them learn to write in their new language
What is positive transference?
This is the literacy skill that learners build when they understand how texts are constructed and are able to build their own texts
What is comprehension?
In this language, letters are typically more formal than English and include a polite introduction
What is Spanish?
This example of interactive writing involves having students communicate with one another and with the teacher by writing short notes or drawing pictures
What is message boards/mailboxes?
This is a collaborative process in which learners provide content for a text and the teacher provides scaffolding for the text's construction
What is shared writing?
These are when the rules of one language are applied incorrectly in another language
What are interference errors?
This is why writing is a great activity for differentiated instruction with students
What is because students write at their own levels?
In this language, it is not appropriate to explain concepts in too much detail as this main appear demeaning
What is Japanese?
This example of interactive writing helps learners negotiate meaning within personal narrative or content learning by encouraging learners to write in a journal, notebook, or folder
What is interactive/dialogue journals?
These are words that help the reader understand the meaning of the text and help the writer make their point (example: both, like, and likewise are words for things that are alike)
What are signal words?
Before using letter names and letters to represent words, young learners begin with this
What is scribbling, making random marks, and drawing?
During later stages of this, writers can further develop their literacy skills and understand different genres by writing in them
What is language development?
In this language, writers are expected to be clear and explicit so that anyone reading can understand what is written
What is English?
This example of interactive writing is when learners keep a log of things they are learning in their content classes and summarize important facts that they want to remember each day
What is content learning logs?
These are useful for helping learners understand the expectations that teachers have for their writing and help teachers give feedback, and also encourage the learner to self-assess
What are checklists?
True or False: interference errors can be explained and resolved, but this process can decrease the learner's understanding of the structure of the new language
What is False?
(interference errors can be explained and resolved, and this process can increase the learner's understanding of the new language
These are some of the ways that teachers can work with learners at their specific level to provide support to them as writers
What are small groups, teacher feedback, and assessments?
This is why teachers should not be surprised to see "language learner errors" in student writing
What is because writing is typically the last language area for learners of English to master?
This example of interactive writing is when learners write the book title and author of each book that they read, along with a short synopsis/review of the book
What is literary journals?
This is a short lesson at the beginning of writing time that gives instructions on specific writing techniques and skills
What is a mini-lesson?