Vocabulary
A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function or set of functions
tissue
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
What are the three functions of epithelial tissue?
protection, absorption, and secretion
What is a neuron?
A neuron is a specialized cell that makes up nervous tissue
What are the three types of connective tissue?
Tendon, bone, and fat
the microscopic study of tissues
histology
What type of muscle cells make up involuntary muscles?
Smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells
Name one way in which epithelial tissue protects your body.
Answers vary. Examples:
skin protects body from the outside world, epithelial tissue lines esophagus and protects from food/drinks before digestion, lines gastrointestinal tract
What are the five major parts of a neuron?
cell body, nucleus, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath
What is an osteoblast and what does it do?
a flexible but non-elastic cord that attaches muscle to bone
tendon
When muscle cells contract, is the muscle getting longer or shorter?
Muscles get shorter when muscle cells contract (this allows them to do their job!)
Why is it important that epithelial tissue is able to absorb nutrients?
Epithelial tissue lines the inside of the small intestine and absorbs chemicals from food that are essential for the body.
Electrical signal usually travels one way in a neuron. What part of the neuron receives the signal and what part of the neuron does the signal exit?
The signal is received by a dendrite and exits down the axon.
What makes bone tissue hard and what makes it flexible?
Hydroxyapatite makes bone tissue hard while collagen makes it flexible.
a band that holds together joints or holds organs in place
ligament
Explain the different jobs of the three types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle tissue contract in order to pull a bone and then relax when the bone needs to go back into place.
Smooth muscle tissue moves organs, such as intestines. This allows us to digest our food.
Cardiac muscle tissue makes your heart pump so that blood can travel throughout the body.
What is the acidic liquid found in your stomach and what is its purpose?
Gastric juice is an acidic liquid found in the stomach that helps digest food and kills harmful organisms that might be on food or in food.
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
The myelin sheath allows the nerve signal to travel faster by "jumping" down the axon rather than passing through each part.
What is cartilage and what is its job?
Cartilage is a connective tissue that covers bones where they touch so that they don't scrape against each other. It can also be used in place of bone (like in your ears or on the end of your nose). It is more flexible than bone, but still firm.
the process by which a cell makes useful chemicals and then releases them into the body
secretion
Explain the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles and give examples of each.
Voluntary muscles can be controlled (using your limbs, chewing food, etc.)
Involuntary muscles cannot be controlled when you think about what you want (heart beating, food moving through body)
Explain the role of mucus in your stomach.
Mucus covers epithelial tissue in your stomach, protecting it from the gastric juice.
Explain the relationship between the myelin sheath and a baby learning to walk.
The axons in babies neurons do not have any myelin sheaths when they are born. As they grow, the myelin sheath develops and it gives them better control of muscles and functions farther from the brain. This means that babies cannot walk until the myelin sheath is fully developed.
What is adipose tissue? Give three jobs of adipose tissue in the body.
1. Stores excess food for later use
2. Cushions organs
3. Insulates the body