9.1
What is a significance test?
What is a procedure used to decided between two claims.
Hypotheses:
H0:
Paired Data
study designs that involve making two observations on the same individuals, or, one observation on two individuals to make a comparison
How do you increase power?
Increasing significance level α, or increasing sample size both increase power by reducing the probability of type II error
Definition of a Null and Alternate Hypothesis?
What is ....
Ho: the claim to seek evidence against
Ha: the claim we hope or suspect to be true
How do you find the P-value?
The P-value is based on a normal z-distribution. This value can be estimated using Table A or found accurately using the 1-Prop Z-test
Test Statistic
how many standard deviations a sample statistic is away from what we would expect if the null hypothesis were true
What is a two sided significance test similar to?
A confidence interval- for example, a significance test at the 0.05 level is similar to a 95% confidence interval
What is one side states the parameter is smaller or larger than the null while a two sided states that the parameter is different than the null.
What are the conditions?
Random – does the data come from a random sample or experiment
Independent – is the sample size less than 10% of the population size?
Normal – Are 0 np and 0 n p (1 ) both at least 10?
What is the test statistic equation?
test statistic = statistic – parameter / standard deviation
Which test is used for means?
A z- test if the population standard deviation is given . If not, you use the sample standard deviation and use a t-distribution and test.
What do you do when a p-value is larger than when it is smaller?
What is large p-values fail to give convincing while smaller are evidence against Ho
The definition of the 10% condition
sample sizes should be no more than 10% of the population
When do you check the 10% condition?
If the sample is from a population
To perform a one sample t test, which conditions must be met?
NORMAL: Population distribution is normal or n>30
INDEPENDENT: population is at least 10 times as large as the sample
An outcome that would rarely happen if the null hypothesis were true is good evidence that the Ho is ____ true.
not
What is the test statistic formula?
What is the formula for the degrees of freedom?
n-1
What are the possible forms of the alternative hypotheses
Ha: parameter<value
Ha: parameter>value
Ha: parameter≠value