DNA is the "Transformation Principle"
Hershey & Chase
DNA Structure: Part I
DNA Structure: Part II
DNA Replication
100
In Griffith's experiment in 1928, he discovered a molecule (DNA) that was capable of "transforming" what into what?
What is a harmless bacterium into a virulent (pathogenic) bacterium?
100
In the Hershey & Chase experiment in 1952, they used this type of microbe--which was smart, because it contains only the molecules DNA and protein:
What is a virus (phage)?
100
The structure of DNA is described as a "____ _____":
What is a double helix
100
If a particular DNA molecule has 20% T bases, it will have this % of C bases:
What is 30%?
100
DNA replication occurs during the __ phase of interphase.
What is the S phase?
200
In Griffith's experiment, the genetic difference between the harmless bacteria and the pathogenic strain was the gene for this:
What is a capsule?
200
In the Hershey & Chase experiment, 32P -- a radioactive form of phosphorus-- was used to radioactively label this molecule:
What is DNA?
200
DNA is a long chain (polymer) made up of individual monomers called this:
What is a nucleotide?
200
Based on the comparison is base composition, the DNA molecule with the higher Tm (melting temperature) would be this one:
What is molecule #1?
200
This is the primary enzyme needed to create new strands of DNA during DNA replication:
What is DNA Polymerase?
300
In Griffith's experiment, when he injected a mouse with heat killed bacteria or with live harmless bacteria, this is what happened to the mouse:
What is it lived?
300
In the Hershey & Chase experiment, 35S -- a radioactive form of sulfur-- was used to radioactively label this molecule:
What is protein?
300
Every DNA nucleotide consists of a base, a phosphate group & a sugar called this:
What is deoxyribose?
300
This part of the DNA nucleotides forms the "backbone" of the molecule:
What are the sugar and phosphate groups
300
During DNA replication, this many strand(s) in the DNA molecule are used as a template strand:
What is 2?
400
In Griffith's experiment, when he mixed heat killed virulent bacteria with live harmless bacteria, this molecule was picked up by the harmless bacteria and it changed (transformed) them into virulent bacteria:
What is DNA (the capsule gene)?
400
In the experiment using 35S, when the bacterial cells were centrifuged (pelleted), the following result revealed that the radioactive protein (shown in red) was here:
What is outside of the bacterial cells?
400
These are the 4 possible bases in a DNA nucleotide:
What are A (adenine), C (cytosine), T (thymine) and G (guanine)
400
This part of the DNA nucleotide is the "informational" part of the nucleotide:
What is the base?
400
DNA replication is semi-conservative. Therefore, after 1 round of DNA replication, all of the new DNA molecules will contain this % of newly synthesized DNA:
What is 50%?
500
In Avery's experiment, this enzyme was able to degrade (destroy) the "transformation principle" and blocked the changing of the harmless bacteria into lethal bacteria:
What is DNase?
500
In the experiment using 32P, when the bacterial cells were centrifuged (pelleted), the following result revealed that the radioactive DNA (shown in red) was here:
What is inside the cells?
500
In complementary base pairing in DNA, this base pairs with C (cytosine):
What is G (guanine)?
500
The two strands of nucleotides in a DNA molecule are said to be _____, which means they run in opposite directions:
What is anti-parallel?
500
A DNA template strand reads:
C A G G T C A A
Therefore, this will be the sequence of the new strand of DNA:
What is G T C C A G T T