Immigration
Why was the North-West Mounted police created?
To keep peace in the west and protect newcomers that wanted to settle there.
Someone who would have been in favour of the railway would be...
Manufacturers in the East, British Columbians, CPR shareholders, Ontario farmers...
What was the most important thing in the Western economy?
Farming
What brought a massive number of people to BC in the 1870's?
The gold rush in the Fraser Valley
Numbered Treaties
Legal agreements signed between Canada and First Nations to gain control of the land, which often guaranteed land, animals, tools, and seeds to First Nations
Why was the Whoop-up country so dangerous in the 1800s?
Lawlessness, American wolfers using poison to hunt, and the illegal whiskey trade
Someone who would have been against the railway would be...
Indigenous people, residents of the prairies (CPR got land for free), and prairie farmers (CPR charged them high prices with no alternatives)
What was the most important thing in the East for their economy?
Manufacturing goods, such as farming equipment and railway supplies.
Name one reason for PEI deciding to join Canada.
Canada paying out absentee landowners, funding the railway to PEI, lack of trade with the US, given more political representation...
National Policy
Decision-making guidelines introduced in 1878 to strengthen Canada
Name one group of people NOT from Canada that were encouraged to settle in the western provinces.
British, Irish, Ukrainians, Icelanders, mennonites from Russia, Germans, Nordic people...
The mountainous terrain in BC and the Rocky Mountains
Name one resource that became less important to the economy in Canada over time.
Fur trading, the gold rush in BC, fishing in the maritimes...
What was the reasoning for Wilfred Laurier to create 2 provinces out of the North-West Territories?
He believed that one big province would become too powerful to control.
Referendum
A direct vote by the public on a single political question, such as the 1948 votes that led to Newfoundland joining Confederation in 1949.
Who was the most successful group of people to settle western Canada?
People from Ontario who already knew how to farm prairie soil and could easily get on a train to the west.
Why were Chinese immigrants so important to build the CPR?
They often did the most dangerous jobs (i.e. TNT detonation) that other workers did not want to do
Why did Canada place a protective tariff on American goods in the late 1800s?
How did Newfoundland come to be the last province to join Canada?
The government gave a referendum to it's citizens after WW2 and they voted to join Canada.
Protective Tariffs
A tax placed on products crossing the border to help the local economy
What was the Dominion Lands Act (1872) for?
To give away farmland to males over the age of 21 for the low price of $10, so that they would settle the west and begin producing crops.
List 2 reasons why the CPR chose to build the CPR in the south through Calgary vs. Edmonton in the north.
Closer to the US, flatter land, coal in Lethbridge, CPR owned southern land already, and farming was better (so they thought)
Who benefitted the most from protective tariffs in Canada in the 1800s and who suffered the most?
Factory owners in Ontario benefitted from products being sold, poor farmers in Western Canada suffered from higher prices for the things they needed.
Why did Edmonton become the provincial capital of Alberta over Calgary?
The majority of voters in Edmonton voted to have him become Prime Minister and so he wanted to thank them by making Edmonton the capital.
Historical Perspective
The study of the past to understand the present and predict the future, often described as a record "written by the victor"