Definitions
Encoding
The initial learning process of memory formation
Case Study of H.M.
A famous case illustrating memory dissociations. Got surgery to remove his hippocampus due to severe epilepsy
Neocortex
Brain region for storing and retrieving domain-specific knowledge
Classical conditioning
A type of nondeclarative memory that involves learning through association.
We predict cortical expansion with both practice and lesion
amputation and practice
The hypothesis that the earlier in life damage occurs, the better the recovery will be
Kennard Principle
Patient KF
A case study of a patient with damage to the left perisylvian cortex who had a digit span of 1 but could form long-term memories.
Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL)
Brain region critical for memory processes
Phonological loop
Allows for the temporary storage of information that is encoded phonologically.
Average capacity of working memory (spatial span)
around 6 items
The early stages of cell death and dysfunction are associated with the rapid regeneration of brain tissue
acute phase
The case of Genie Wiley is most relevant to the concept of:
Critical periods
Phonological dyslexia involves impairment in the reading route.
Sublexical Route
What is surface dyslexia?
An impairment in the lexical route, where children have typical development of grapheme-phoneme correspondences but difficulty with long-term memory for words.
Subsequent memory paradigm
A research method that records neural activity during encoding and tests memory recall
if this swelling of the brain is severe, brain tissue that was not directly injured can die, but recovery can be fast
edma
The delay period activity observed in monkey and human pre-frontal cortices corresponds to which of the following components of Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory?
Central executive
Which areas of the brain are implicated in Braille reading?
The visual cortex, including the posterior occipital cortex and the fusiform gyrus (VWFA).
Cognitive neuro methods for studying memory
Methods include multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA), subsequent memory paradigms, and delay period activity.
Average capacity of working memory (digit span)
around 7 items
Name and define 3 different types of memory.
short-term, long-term, declarative, nondeclarative, working, echoic, etc.
Imagine that you have studied Braille for a year. Given that Braille involves reading with one or more finger tips, based on what you’ve learned about neuroplasticity in the somatosensory system, you would expect to:
A. Develop a larger cortical area responsive to the distal segments of your fingers
B. Develop larger receptive fields in neurons responsive to stimulation of the distal segments of your fingers
C. Develop a decreased number of neurons responsive to stimulation of the distal segments of your fingers
D. Develop both a larger cortical area and larger receptive fields of neurons responsive to the distal segments of your fingers
A. Develop a larger cortical area responsive to the distal segments of your fingers
Put the following stages of brain development during childhood in the correct (chronological) order.
1. Neurulation
2. Neurogenesis
3. Neuronal migration
4. Synaptogenesis
5. Synaptic Pruning
Name and define 3 different types of dyslexia
Surface Dyslexia, Phonological Dyslexia, deep dyslexia
Delay period activity
A neuroimaging method used to study memory and the brain