Automatic Thinking and Schemas
In the field of psychology, this term refers to the mental structures we use to understand and interpret the world around us
Schemas
Dana is motivated by two competing goals; finishing her chores and visiting her friend. When her friend calls her and invites her for coffee, without thought, Dana stops cleaning to go visit with her friend. What concept explains Dana's automatic decision to prioritize visiting her friend over finishing her chores?
Automatic Goal Pursuit
In a multicultural team, Sarah, who comes from an East Asian cultural background, often emphasizes the broader context and how different elements relate to each other in problem-solving. What term describes Sarah's style of thinking that focuses on the overall context?
Holistic Thinking
This term refers to the way in which schemas are readily available to us due to factors such as personal experiences, current goals, or priming.
Accessibility
Sarah is interviewing babysitters to watch her child. The babysitter she interviews smells of clean laundry and appears well-polished. Sarah immediately perceives the babysitter as moral and trustworthy. What cognitive heuristic is Sarah relying on when she judges the babysitter's morality and trustworthiness based on their appearance and smell during the interview?
Metaphors About the Body and the Mind
In a Western business meeting, John, who grew up in a Western culture, tends to focus on the specific properties and details of a proposal without considering the broader context. What term describes John's thinking style that emphasizes the properties of objects?
Analytical Thinking Style
Rob is definitely not the most attractive guy in the dorms, but he is extremely confident about who he is and how he looks. He is convinced that most women find him to be very attractive, and he in fact usually gets dates with women who are much more attractive than he is. What is the best explanation for Rob’s success?
The Self-fulfilling Prophecy
During a discussion about recent crime rates, Mark recalls several vivid news stories about burglaries in his neighborhood, leading him to overestimate the prevalence of such incidents. Which heuristic is Mark relying on
The availability heuristic
In a sports competition, a silver medalist feels more regret about not winning gold compared to a bronze medalist. What term explains this difference in emotional reaction and thinking style?
Counterfactual Thinking
This term refers to thinking that is nonconscious, unintentional, involuntary, and effortless
Automatic thinking
"In a talent show, Anna assumes that a contestant who wears glasses and carries a book must be highly intelligent, even though she has no other information about them. What heuristic is guiding Anna's judgment?
The Representativeness Heuristic
Melissa believes she can complete her doctoral dissertation in just 3 months, despite the fact that it took her the same amount of time to finish her undergraduate thesis, which is significantly shorter than her doctoral dissertation. What cognitive bias, commonly observed in project estimation, does Melissa exemplify?
The Planning Fallacy
If you are studying for an abnormal psychology exam, your schemas about mental health may be more accessible temporarily, until your test is over and you no longer have the goal of learning about mental disorders. What type of accessibility is this?
Current Goals
During a personality assessment, participants are given vague and general statements about their characteristics, such as 'You have a tendency to be both introverted and extroverted.' What psychological phenomenon does this assessment method illustrate?
The Barnum Effect
Tom is convinced that his conscious thoughts are the primary drivers of his actions. However, research suggests that sometimes, our actions precede our conscious thoughts. What concept explains this phenomenon and challenges Tom's belief?
The illusion of free will