What is the shorthand for first and second languages?
100
He discussed three misconceptions commonly held by educators of ELL students
Who is James Cummins
100
To receive comprehensible input in messages that we understand through other languages.
What is language acquisition
100
Long term, instruction through L1, Instruction through L2, sociocultural support, interactive/cognitively challenging, and integration with the mainstream.
What are the characteristics of effective programs for English Language Learners?
100
English language learners are taught with mainstream students and given no special services
What is English Immersion
200
The English language, which over 80% of the internet is stored in along with over 80 million students studying it.
What is the dominant global language?
200
Instruction should be carried out exclusively in the target language, translation between L1 and L2 has no place in teaching of language or literacy, and in bilingual programs the two languages should be kept separate.
What are three misconceptions seen by Cummins held by ELL educators?
200
This helps emergent bilinguals to develop identities of competence
What is accessing both known languages
200
Students should be given an extende period of support, six or more years.
What is the suggested length of time for ELL education?
200
English language learners are taught only in English and teachers are trained to make the input comprehensible.
What is Structured English Immersion?
300
Linguistic Capital
What is power that native language speakers have over non-native speakers?
300
Research shows that judicious use of the first language promotes second language acquisition
What is the reality behind James Cummins first misconception of ELL education
300
A strategy that draws on students' first languages while still using the second language.
What is Preview, view, review?
300
Students who received strong cognitive and academic development through their L1 score higher on tests in English through the high school level.
How does learning with a students first language help their education?
300
English language learners are given ESL support. They are taught basic vocabulary and language structure and then integrated into all English instruction.
What is ESL pullout traditional instruction
400
The linguistic capital that speakers of dominant languages possess
What kind of power do people who speak minority languages lack?
400
Emergent bilinguals are often asked to translate outside the school. Teachers can draw on this skill in school.
What is the reality behind James Cummins second misconception of ELL education
400
Preview, view, review can also motivate students to stay engaged in the lesson
What is a positive about preview, view, review?
400
More dropouts came from students who had been given this type of teaching instruction.
What is English-Only instruction
400
English language learners are given 2-3 years ESL content support services and then integrated into all English instruction
What is ESL Push-in Content Instruction?
500
When the use of a word is widespread through multiple languages
What is a borrowed word
500
There are times to keep the two languages separate, nut there are also times to bring them together for instructional purposes
What is the reality behind James Cummins third misconception of ELL education
500
the teacher teaches the lesson or directs the activity in the student's second language using strategies for making the input comprehensible
What is the view step in preview, view, review.
500
English-only instruction programs only focus on developing the students second language
What is a negative to English-only instruction
500
Native English speakers are taught language through content instruction in a second language. English is introduced in second grade or later