A type of learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus.
What is conditioning?
100
The tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics.
What is generalization?
100
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response.
What is classical conditioning?
100
A type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced.
What is partial reinforcement?
100
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response.
What is an unconditioned response?
200
In classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar.
What is discrimination?
200
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
200
A stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response.
What is reinforcement?
200
A therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response.
What is counterconditioning?
200
In classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus.
What is extinction?
300
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed.
What is spontaneous recovery?
300
Learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it.
What is latent learning?
300
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
What are positive reinforcers?
300
A timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs.
What is the schedule of reinforcement?
300
Learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time.
What is distributed learning?
400
A fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
What is flooding?
400
Learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement.
What is operant conditioning?
400
A type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation.
What is taste aversion?
400
Learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time.
What is mass learning?
400
The reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs.
What is continuous reinforcement?
500
Stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer.
What are secondary reinforcers?
500
In operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action.
What is chaining?
500
A type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.
What is systematic desensitization?
500
In operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal.
What is shaping?
500
Stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning.