Foundations of Federalism
This amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
This type of power is explicitly listed in the Constitution and granted to the national government.
What are enumerated powers?
This type of federalism involves national and state governments working together to achieve common goals.
What is cooperative federalism?
This 1819 Supreme Court case upheld the national government's power to establish a national bank.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This type of grant provides federal funds to states with more flexibility on how they can use the money.
What are block grants?
This term describes a political structure where the central authority holds supreme power, unlike in federalism.
What is a unitary system?
This clause allows Congress to enact laws necessary to execute its enumerated powers.
Double if you can give the nickname of this clause.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This was a landmark period when the federal government expanded its role in addressing social and economic issues.
What is the New Deal?
This clause empowers Congress to regulate commerce among the states.
What is the Commerce Clause?
This policy concept from the 1980s aimed to return more authority to the states, promoting a decentralized approach to governance.
What is New Federalism?
This era in the 1930s marked a significant shift in the balance of power between the federal and state governments.
What is the New Deal era?
The power to regulate interstate commerce falls under this category of national government powers.
What are enumerated powers?
These federal funds are allocated to states for specific purposes, like education or transportation.
What are categorical grants?
This Supreme Court case established the broad scope of Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden?
This federal program, in place from 1972 to 1986, provided grants to state and local governments to use as they saw fit.
What is general revenue sharing?
This concept allows states to tailor their policies to meet the needs of their citizens, leading to a more responsive system of governance.
What is federalism?
These are powers shared by both national and state governments, including taxation and law enforcement.
What are concurrent powers?
This term describes federal laws that require state and local governments to carry out certain actions without providing the necessary funding.
What are unfunded mandates?
This amendment reinforces the principle of dual federalism by reserving powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
This area has been a point of friction between federal and state governments, especially concerning laws like Arizona's SB 1070.
What is immigration policy?
This clause in the Constitution requires states to recognize and uphold each other's legal actions, judgments, and contracts.
What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
This clause has been used by the federal government to stretch its authority beyond expressly enumerated powers, often referred to as the "elastic clause."
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This principle allows states to experiment with different policies that can later influence federal legislation.
What is the "laboratories of democracy"?
This case demonstrated the limits of the Full Faith and Credit Clause when a state court was not required to enforce a judgment that violated the public policy of another state.
What is Baker v. General Motors Corp.?
The rise of national standards in areas like education and healthcare is an example of this type of federalism, where the federal government oversees and controls state policies.
What is regulated federalism?