Slide A
Cell theory
A cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Three ways cells can be bound to each other
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Two major active membrane transport processes
Active transport
Vesicular transport
The body is divided into two groups based on location, what are they
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Define Pinocytosis
type of endocytosis that is referred to as “cell drinking” or fluid-phase endocytosis
Human cells have three basic parts
Plasma membrane: flexible outer boundary Cytoplasm: intracellular fluid containing organelles Nucleus: DNA containing control center
Two essential ways substances cross plasma membrane
Passive transport: no energy is required
Active transport: energy (ATP) is required
Two types of active transport
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Bones are also classified according to one of four shapes
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones
Joints are called
Sutures
Structure of Plasma Membrane
75% phospholipids,
5% glycolipids
20% cholesterol
Three types of passive transport
Simple Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion,Osmosis
Vesicular transport processes include
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
What is the Five major bone cell types
Osteogenic cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Bone-lining cells, and Osteoclasts
What two Cells interact with their environment
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Plasma membrane receptors
There are two types of membrane proteins
Integral proteins: Firmly inserted into membrane
peripheral proteins: Loosely attached to integral proteins
Movement of water involves pressures
Hydrostatic pressure: outward pressure exerted on cell
Osmotic pressure: inward pressure
Name five Cytoplasmic Organelles
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Peroxisomes, Lysosomes, Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton and Centrioles
What are the three types of bone marking
Projection, depression , and opening
Where do new bone grow
Epiphyseal Plate
Membrane Proteins Perform Many Tasks, Name 5
Transport, receptors for signal transduction, Enzymatic activity, cell-cell recognition, attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, cell-cell joining
Name the three solution where cells are altered by internal water volume
Isotonic solution: remains unchanged
Hypertonic solution: cell shrinking
Hypotonic solution: cell swelling
Certain cells have structures extending from the cell surface such as,
Cilia and flagella
Microvilli
What is compact and spongy bone
Compact bone: dense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid
Spongy bone: made up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae
Bone Repair involves four major stages
Hematoma formation, Fibrocartilaginous callus formation, Bony callus formation and Bone remodeling