Native American Experience
These religious institutions, often established by the Spanish, aimed to convert Native populations to Christianity.
What are missions?
This 1607 settlement was the first permanent English colony in North America.
What is Jamestown
This disease devastated Indigenous populations
What is smallpox?
These large agricultural estates in tropical colonies grew cash crops like sugar and relied heavily on enslaved labor.
What are plantations?
This 1619 event marked the beginning of the first African slaves in the English colonies.
What is the arrival of slaves in Jamestown?
This factor wiped out millions of Native Americans, even more than warfare.
What are European diseases?
Founded in 1620, this colony was established by English Puritans seeking religious freedom.
What is Plymouth Colony?
Gold, Glory, and God
What are the main motivations for Spanish colonization?
This crop, grown primarily in the Caribbean, was known as "white gold" due to its high profitability.
What is sugar?
This group of Native Americans famously helped the Pilgrims survive their first winter.
Who are the Wampanoag?
This 1680 uprising temporarily drove the Spanish out of New Mexico.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
This economic system drove European powers to establish colonies for raw materials and markets.
What is mercantilism?
The Spanish used better weapons, Indigenous allies, and deadly diseases.
How did the Spanish defeat the Aztec Empire?
These European powers dominated tropical colonization and established major colonies in the Caribbean.
Who are Spain, Portugal, France, and England?
This document, signed in 1620, established a self-governing colony based on majority rule.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
This Spanish labor system granted colonists control over Indigenous labor and land, often leading to exploitation.
What is the encomienda system?
These conflicts, like King Philip’s War, reflected ongoing resistance to English expansion by Native American groups.
What are Native American uprisings
The capture of this Aztec emperor gave the Spanish political leverage during their conquest.
Who was Moctezuma II?
This 17th-century island colony, once controlled by Spain, became a major center of French sugar production.
What is Saint-Domingue (now Haiti)
This 1675-1678 war was one of the deadliest conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans in New England.
What is King Philip's war?
This term described the forced conversion of Indigenous to European cultures, often seen in religion, food, and language.
Assimilation
This French explorer founded Quebec in 1608, beginning France’s colonization of Canada.
Who is Samuel de Champlain?
These people allied with Cortés and helped bring down the Aztec Empire.
Who were the Tlaxcalans (or rival Indigenous tribes)?
This South American colony became Portugal’s most valuable possession due to its tropical climate and sugar plantations.W
What is Brazil
This economic theory motivated European nations to create colonies for accumulating wealth and resources.
What is mercantilism?