Foundations of U.S. Health Care
The U.S. health care system is best described as this type of system.
What is a fragmented system?
These four broad factors determine health: environment, behavior/lifestyle, heredity, and ______.
What is medical care?
This term refers to the ability to obtain health care services when needed.
What is access?
This model identifies environment, lifestyle, heredity, and medical care as determinants of health.
What is the Blum Model?
This principle views health care as an economic good, distributed by people’s ability to pay.
What is market justice?
Unlike many other countries, the U.S. does not have this type of universal program.
What is national health care?
The most important determinant of health is this.
What are lifestyle and behavior choices?
Name one common barrier to accessing health care in the U.S.
What are cost, lack of insurance, or distance?
This focuses on populations, prevention, and health promotion.
What is public health?
This principle views health care as a social good, distributed based on need rather than ability to pay.
What is social justice?
Health care delivery in the U.S. involves these three major players: providers, insurers, and _____.
What are payers?
Socioeconomic status, diet, and exercise fall under this determinant.
What is behavior/lifestyle?
In rural areas, this specific barrier makes access more difficult.
What is geographic distance (or lack of providers)?
this level of prevention focuses on reducing risk factors before disease develops, such as smoking cessation campaigns.
What is primary prevention?
This national framework outlines objectives every 10 years to improve the health of Americans.
What is Healthy People 2030?
In the U.S., this sector delivers most routine primary and preventive care.
What is the private sector?
Pollution, sanitation, and occupational hazards fall under this determinant.
What is the environment?
This government insurance program serves primarily low-income individuals.
What is Medicaid?
This level of prevention uses screenings like Pap smears to detect disease early.
What is secondary prevention?
Financing, insurance, delivery, and payment make up this model used to describe how health care works in the U.S.
What is the quad-function model?
This is the largest source of health care financing in the U.S.
What is the government (Medicare & Medicaid)?
In the “Blum Model,” these two determinants have the greatest influence on health outcomes.
What are environment and lifestyle?
Health insurance in the U.S. is often linked to this.
What is employment?
This level of prevention provides rehabilitation to restore function after disease, such as physical therapy after a stroke.
What is tertiary prevention?
The three main performance goals of the U.S. health care system are often described as this “triangle.”
What is the iron triangle (access, cost, and quality)?