chapter one
The definition of psychology is
The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior.
The difference between Independent and Dependent variables are
Independent variable is what the experimenter controls
Dependent variable is a measurement of some aspect of behavior
The functions of dendrites are__ and the functions of Axons are___
To receive information
To transmit signals away
Psychology is empirical so that means…
It relies on observation and other research methods to gather information.
Brain plasticity is when...
damage happens to brain tissue and leads to neural reorganization
The definition of introspection is
the process of examining one’s own thoughts, feelings, and mental states.
The difference between experiment and control groups are
Experiment group receives special treatment
Control group receives a placebo or nothing changes
What are the four lobes in the brain and their purpose?
Frontal Lobe: Thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving
Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information (touch, pressure, temperature, pain)
Temporal Lobe:Hearing and auditory processing
Occipital Lobe:Visual processing (interprets what we see)
The peripheral and central nervous system is made up by…
The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Neurogenesis is when the…
Adult brain can generate new neurons
The definition of consciousness is
The state or condition of being aware of oneself and one’s environment.
The difference between a population and a sample are
A population is a large collection of animals or people that researchers want to generalize about.
A sample is when specific people are picked from the population for observation in an empirical study.
A hormone is___, which is associated with the___system.
a chemical substance released by the endocrine glands
Endocrine
The definition of a neurotransmitter is___, and it is a part of the ___ system
a chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons across synapses, and is a part of the nervous system.
The definition of Theory is...
A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
The key principles of structuralism, functionalism , behaviorism, and humanism are
Structuralism-breaking down the mind into structures and using introspection to study them.
Functionalism-Examine the consciousness and the mental process and what it does for us in the real world
Behaviorism-only observable behavior should be studied
Humanism- Highlights the unique potential of humans,our free will and self actualization.
The benefits and limitations of experimental research, naturalistic observation, and surveys are
Experimental research allows you to control the variables which help with cause and effect answers, but it can be artificial.
Naturalistic Observation gives a more real view on behavior, but you can’t control any behaviors which makes it harder to establish cause and effect conclusions.
Surveys are great to gather information from large groups, but the answers can be biased or false.
The difference between sympathetic responses and parasympathetic responses are…
Sympathetic is your fight or flight response.
Parasympathetic is your rest and digest resources.
The placebo effect happens when
participants’ expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment.
Ethical principles for humans in research are...
Participants can leave when they want, they should not be harmed or subjected to harmful or dangerous treatment, participants should be told whats happening if the study requires deception, and participants right to privacy shouldn’t be compromised.
The three key people who contributed to the field of psychology are___, and each of them did__
Wundt-Established the first formal lab of psychological research
Watson-Behaviorism
Freud-unconsciousness
A correlation is____, which range from ___ to ___.
A positive correlation is when_____, while a negative correlation is when____.
A relationship between two variables.
-1 to +1
variables move in the same direction.
variables move in the opposite directions.
The cerebellum is___, and the function of the cerebellum is___.
the structure located next to the back surface of the brainstem,
it coordinates fine muscle movement, like balance
The concept of applied psychology is __ and is used to…
Psychological principles and scientific methods being used to solve problems in health, schools, and businesses(organizations)
Professor Farley has two children and their names are?
Harrison and Charlotte