History of Epidemiology
The father of epidemiology is _____ and he used descriptive and analytical epidemiology methods to help slow the spread of ______ in London.
Who is John Snow?
What is Cholera?
A measurable attribute of a population
What is a parameter?
Formula to calculate a proportion
What is A/(A+B)?
The common (non-scientific) definition of epidemiology
Includes internet searches, social media activities, electronic medical records, and data from health insurance companies.
What is big data?
The man who created the Smallpox vaccine
Who is Edward Jenner?
The average of a sample
What is Xbar or sample mean?
Formula to calculate a ratio
What is X/Y?
COVID-19 is an example of
What is a pandemic?
One of America’s leading sources of behavioral risk factors. World’s largest ongoing health survey!
What is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?
The cohort study that began in 1948 in Massachusetts and followed 6,500 people to collect etiologic data on coronary heart disease
What is the Framingham study?
Non-random samples are prone to _______ which means that individuals who have been selected for a sample are not representative of the population to which the epidemiologist would like to generalize the results.
What is sample bias?
The reason a rate differs from a proportion
What is the denominator involves a measure of time?
The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.
Conducted every 10 years and gives data on all kinds of subgroups, morbidity, mortality, birth rates, etc.
What is the U.S. Census Bureau?
The scientific name for the bacterium carried by the bite of a flea that causes bubonic plague
What is Yersinia pestis?
Increasing the n aka sample size makes the confidence interval length/size become ________.
What is narrower/more narrow?
A variation of an incidence rate that is used when the time periods of observation of the members of a population vary from person to person.
What is incidence density?
What is clinical medicine focuses on individual health while epidemiology focuses on population health?
Usually the most complete type of vitals data
What is deaths/mortality data?
Robert Koch's four postulates that demonstrate the association between a microorganism and a disease
What are...
1. Organism must be observed in every case
2. Must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. Pure culture, when inoculated into a susceptible subject, produce the disease
4. Organism must be observed in, and recovered from, the experimental subject?
Calculate the standard deviation (round your answer to 1 decimal):
8+12+9+15+10+6
n=6
What is 3.2?
Calculate CFR % (round to 1 decimal)
1220 cases of syphilis
68 fatalities due to syphilis
What is 5.6%?
All the possible results that may stem from exposure to a causal factor
What is an outcome?
Collects data on the occurrence of cancer, the type, extent, location, and method of initial treatment. Operated by the CDC
What is the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR)?