Chapter 1
1. Name the three variables in an experiment.
2. Name the two groups in an experiment.
1. Independent variable, dependent variable, and a constant.
2. Control and experimental group
a) What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
b) What is the polymer of carbohydrates?
a) Monosaccharides
b) Polysaccharides
In which cycle does nutrients flow through, this cycle is also referred to as the nutrient cycle?
Biogeochemical cycles.
A single species that is vital to ecosystem stability is known as?
A keystone species
A plant that sheds its leaves during a particular season is called?
Deciduous
Which characteristic of life states that organisms need energy by building up or breaking down material?
Metabolism.
1. Are van der Waals forces stronger of weaker than covalent and ionic bonds?
2. Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than van der waals forces?
1. Weaker
2. Stronger
1. Describe the difference between primary and secondary succession.
2. The first species to colonize barren areas are referred to as?
1. Primary succession begins first with barren lands (takes longer), whereas secondary succession happens after a disaster eg. forest fire, and has soil present (takes shorter).
2. Pioneer species
Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor
1. Name three examples of carbohydrates.
2. Name two or more examples of lipids.
1. Answers will vary
2. fats, oils, waxes, steroids.
1. Name the steps to the scientific method (HINT: There are six).
2. Which charcteristic of life states that an organism must maintain a relatively stable internal environment?
1. Ask a question, inference, hypothesis, experiment, collect and analyze data, conclusion
2. Homeostasis
Describe the structure of the water molecule. Make sure to include the elements, charges, and the bonds that are formed within the molecule itself.
The water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
The oxygen atom has a partially negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge.
The bonds that are formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms is called polar-covalent bonds or covalent bonds.
1. Which type of consumer consumes the carcasses of deceased animals? Give an example as well
2. Which autotrophic process uses light, water, and carbon dioxide to form glucose/sugar and oxygen?
1. Scavengers; Vultures
2. Photosynthesis
Name all three symbiotic relationships and what each symbiotic does.
Mutualism, Parasitism, and Commensalism.
Mutualism: They both benefit.
Parasitism: One benefits, one is harmed.
Commensalism: One is benefitted, one is not affected.
What are the three ecological pyramids?
Pyramid of Energy, Pyramid of Biomass, and the Pyramid of Numbers
The factor that is changed is known as the ___ and the factor that is measure or observed is called the ___
Independent variable; dependent variable
1. Which biomolecules' examples include DNA and RNA?
2. What is the monomer of this biomolecule?
3. Name the parts of this monomer (HINT: There are three).
1. Nucleic acids
2. Nucleotides
3. Nitrogenous base, phosphorous group, and 5-carbon sugar
1. Name the process in the nitrogen cycle that turns atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
2. Which process in the nitrogen cycle turns ammonia into ammonium?
3. Which process in the nitrogen cycle turns nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen.
1. Nitrogen fixation
2. Ammonification
3. Denitrification
1. Explain what the competitive exclusion principle is.
2. Explain what a niche is.
1. This principle states that no two organisms can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at exactly the same time.
2. A niche describes not only what an organism does, but also how it interacts with biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.
1. The reactants in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are referred to as?
2. Explain what a catalyst does
3. Which example of a protein is known as a biological catalyst?
1. Substrates
2. A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by decreasing its activation energy.
3. Enzymes
1) All living things reproduce. Cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism by which form of reproduction?
2) Define evolution
1) Sexual reproduction
2) A process that results in changes in the genetic material of a population over time.
1. Which property of water is the attraction of molecules of the same substance?
2. Which property of water is the attraction of molecules of different substances?
3. These two properties of water both form? (Hint: it helps water go up from the roots of plants through its xylem, etc).
1. Cohesion
2. Adhesion
3. Capillary action
1. Describe the difference between a biotic and an abiotic factor.
2. Name the levels of organization from most specific to least specific (Smallest to largest)
1. A biotic factor is a living factor, whereas an abiotic factor is non-living.
2. Species/individuals, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
1. Which biome has a very cold climate year round and has permafrost?
2. Which biome has cold winters and cool summers and it has two names?
1. Tundra
2. Boreal forest/Taiga
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as?
Isotopes