Historical Foundations
This researcher created nonsense syllables to study memory and is known for the "forgetting curve."
Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?
This term describes failing to notice an unexpected object in a scene because attention is elsewhere.
What is inattentional blindness?
This stimulus is present in the environment, such as a book or a tree.
What is a distal stimulus?
This term refers to people’s ability to identify upright faces more accurately than upside-down ones.
What is the face-inversion effect?
This early model suggested we recognize stimuli by comparing them to stored pattern.
What is the template approach?
This early psychologist emphasized introspection and is considered the founder of psychology.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
This cognitive phenomenon describes when a significant change in a scene goes unnoticed
What is change blindness?
This brief memory system stores visual stimuli for a brief period after it disappears.
What is iconic memory?
This neurological disorder prevents individuals from recognizing human faces.
What is prosopagnosia?
This theory explains object recognition based on analyzing distinctive features.
What is the feature-analysis theory?
This psychologist emphasized studying mental processes in the real world and was the first female president of the APA.
Who is Mary Whiton Calkins?
This principle ensures that research methods use natural conditions (the “real world”) so that the results can later be applied.
What is ecological validity?
This part of the brain processes visual stimuli and is in the occipital lobe.
What is the primary visual cortex?
This speech phenomenon fills in missing phoneme based on context, like in the sentence “The *eel was on the orange.”
What is phonemic restoration?
This theory states that objects are recognized as combinations of simple 3D shapes called geons.
What is the recognition-by-components theory?
This 20th-century movement focused on observable behaviors with no consideration of mental processes.
What is behaviorism?
This processing approach assumes the basic meaning of a scene will remain stable, often leading to errors in detecting changes.
What is top-down processing?
This psychological concept refers to the way our visual system constructs coherent edges or shapes even when they aren't physically present in a stimulus.
What are illusory contours?
This model suggests we use the same neural mechanisms to process both speech and non-speech sounds.
What is the general mechanism approach?
This approach explains why objects are recognized quickly when seen from a standard viewpoint.
What is the viewer-centered approach?