CRISIS & CHANGE
This period of colder temperatures beginning in the 14th century contributed to shorter growing seasons and agricultural difficulties.
The Little Ice Age
These religious penitents whipped themselves publicly, believing their suffering could help appease God during the plague.
The Flaggelents
This Dutch humanist wrote The Praise of Folly and criticized corruption and abuses within the Christian Church.
Erasmus
This cultural movement emphasized classical learning, artistic achievement, and renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome.
The Renaissance
This intellectual movement emphasized classical texts, rhetoric, education, and human potential.
Humanism
Beginning in 1347, this pandemic killed a huge percentage of Europe's population.
The Black Death
This period occurred when the papacy was based in Avignon from 1309 to 1377.
The Avignon Papacy or the Babylonian Captivity
What connection existed between Gutenberg's printing press and the spread of Northern Renaissance ideas?
Printing made books and pamphlets faster and cheaper to reproduce, allowing humanist ideas and religious criticism to spread more widely across Europe.
This Florentine banking family became one of the most important patrons of Renaissance artists and intellectuals.
The Medici Family
This Renaissance concept referred to a person's ability, skill, courage, and initiative in dealing with the challenges of life and politics.
Virtù
The Black Death caused Europe's population to decline dramatically. What happened to the relative value of labor as a result?
Labor became more valuable because workers were scarce. In many areas, surviving workers could demand higher wages or better conditions.
What connection exists between the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism?
Both damaged the prestige and authority of the papacy. The Avignon papacy increased criticism of papal leadership, while the Great Schism produced competing popes
This Flemish painter is famous for scenes of peasant life, landscapes, and everyday activities, including The Peasant Wedding and The Hunters in the Snow.
You are a wealthy Florentine banker in 1450. You want to increase your family's prestige and political influence without becoming a king. What Renaissance practice could help you accomplish this?
Patronage—funding artists, architects, scholars, and public works could enhance prestige and political influence.
Erasmus argues that Christians should study classical languages and texts so that they can better understand Christianity and live more morally.
Which intellectual movement does this represent, and why?
Christian Humanism
This prolonged conflict between England and France, lasting from 1337 to 1453, strengthened both monarchies while encouraging greater political and national identities.
The Hundred Year's War
These reformers argued that a general church council should have authority over the pope in order to resolve the Church's crisis of leadership.
The Concilliarists
This French writer's Essays explored human behavior, education, morality, and the limits of human knowledge.
Michel de Montaigne
This Florentine writer authored The Prince and analyzed how rulers could acquire and maintain political power.
Machiavelli
A wealthy merchant commissions a portrait showing himself wearing expensive clothing, surrounded by books and objects demonstrating his education and accomplishments. Identify two Renaissance characteristics illustrated by this artwork.
Individualism
Secularism
Humanism
Patronage
“The crisis of the 14th century weakened traditional social and economic relationships in Europe.”
Give two pieces of evidence that could support this argument.
Black Death → labor shortages
Rising wages in some areas
Decline of serfdom in parts of Western Europe
Jacquerie
English Peasant Revolt
Challenges to aristocratic authority
Famine and population decline disrupting the manorial economy
This Bohemian reformer condemned Church corruption and was executed at the Council of Constance, becoming a martyr whose followers later fought the Hussite Wars.
Jan Hus
Who am I?
Albrecht Dürer
This Renaissance writer described the ideal courtier as educated, graceful and skilled in many activities.
Castiglione
“Secularism means Renaissance Europeans stopped being religious.”
What is wrong with this statement?
Secularism does not mean the disappearance of religion. Renaissance Europeans remained deeply religious, while cultural and intellectual life increasingly included worldly subjects and concerns alongside religious ones.