Type of Study
True or False? Retrospective studies have randomized samples.
False
True or False?
Large scale surveys can be time consuming and costly.
True
True or False?
Secondary analysis is a method, not a design.
True.
True or False? A retrospective study looks back in time and usually examines exposure to the independent variable.
True
Which of the following is a fact variable?
a. age
b. gender
c. religious affiliation
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
What type of correlational study looks to determine if a variable is related to a variable that will happen in the future?
a. predictive
b. descriptive
c. exploratory
d. comparative
a. predictive
Which of the following is a disadvantage of surveys?
a. accuracy
b. information is broad, but superficial
c. small scale surveys are costly
d. subject revealing too much information
b. information is broad, but superficial
a. 2
b. 4
c. 3
d. none of the above
a. 2
True or False? The independent variable is manipulated in retrospective studies.
False
What is the final step in developing an instrument?
a. Formulate the instrument’s items
b. Test the reliability and validity of the instrument
c. Develop instructions for users and respondents
d. Define the concept to be measured
b. test the reliability and validity of the instrument
What is another name for a developmental study?
a. a "repeated measures" study
b. an "advancement" study
c. a "progression" study
d. a "futuristic" study
a. repeated measures study
Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational studies?
a. efficiency
b. limited flexibility
c. one cannot determine cause & effect
d. none of the above
c. one cannot determine cause & effect
How is the information from meta-analysis most commonly presented?
a. pie chart
b. table
c. bar graph
d. forest plot
d. forest plot
True or False? Prospective studies are less common than retrospective.
True.
DAILY DOUBLE
What is the gold standard?
a. treat patients how you would want other health care professionals to treat your family members
b. health care guidelines that have been established by evidence based research
c. a recognition health care facilities can receive for good practice
d. a guideline that determines health professionals' pay based on quality care
b. health care guidelines that have been established by evidence based research
What is the biggest threat to a longitudinal study?
a. mortality
b. cost
c. extraneous variable
d. time
a. mortality
a. efficient method to collect a large amount of data
b. increased flexibility investigating complex relationships
c. a framework for exploring the relationship between variables that cannot be manipulated
d. determines cause & effect
d. determines cause & effect
What type of research interprets others' research findings?
a. meta-analysis
b. methodological research
c. integrative review
d. meta-synthesis review
a. meta-synthesis review
Which of the following statements is true?
a. retrospective studies are slow and expensive
b. prospective studies have weaker evidence compared to retrospective studies
c. retrospective studies are longitudinal
d. findings from prospective studies suggest associations or relationship
d. findings from prospective studies suggest associations or relationship
Which of the follow describes Cochran Collaboration?
a. broadest category of review that includes qualitative, quantitive, or both
b. systematic summary using statistical techniques to combine studies of the same design to assess the outcome of effect of the intervention applied to the study
c. international repository of systematic reviews that focus on health care
d. qualitative interpretation of findings of qualitative studies
c. international repository of systematic reviews that focus on health care
What is an example of a developmental study? (Select all that apply.)
a. longitudinal
b. predictive
c. cross-sectional
d. retrospective
a, c, d
DAILY DOUBLE
Which of the following are advantages of a longitudinal study? (select all that apply)
a. data collection does not take a long time
b. early trends in data can be analyzed
c. each subject serves as his/her own control
d. mortality is not a threat to this study
e. low cost
b, c
Which of the following describes a systematic review?
a. Summary of quantitative literature review that used similar research designs based on a focused clinical question
b. Systematic summary using statistical techniques to combine studies of the same design to assess the outcome of effect of the intervention applied to the study
c. International repository of systematic reviews that focus on healthcare
d. Broadest category of review that includes qualitative, quantitative, or both
Which of the following is true of a prospective study?
a. researcher follows population over time
b. data collection can take a long time
c. doesn't require any researcher follow-up with subjects
d. a & b
e. all of the above
d
What is true of a cross-sectional study? (select all that apply)
a. timely
b. looks at different groups at the same point in time
c. inexpensive
d. is based on the assumption that different subjects identify the difference in stages at a single point in time is representative of a process that progresses over time
a, b, c, d