Photosynthesis
This enzyme catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide onto a RuBP molecule.
What is RuBisCO?
The main source of energy for a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR).
What is GTP?
DNA is replicated in this portion of interphase.
What is S (synthesis) phase?
This term is used to describe a pair of chromosomes (1 from each parent) that contain the same genes, but are not identical because they may carry different alleles.
What are homologous chromosomes?
The major product of the Calvin Cycle.
What is 1 G3P molecule?
In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light >>> C6H12O6 + 6O2, this molecule becomes reduced.
What is CO2?
The 2 types of enzymes used to drive phosphorylation cascades and signal amplification.
What are protein kinases and protein phosphatases?
This phase of cell division occurs directly after (and sometimes overlaps) telophase.
What is cytokinesis?
The number of chromosomes that humans possess.
What is 46?
Type of cell division that results in 4 haploid daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
The 2 major products of the light reactions, which are also the sources of energy for the Calvin Cycle.
What is ATP and NADPH?
This type of signaling only travels short distances.
What is paracrine signaling?
These form through DNA replication of singular chromosomes.
What are sister chromatids?
An event during prophase I of meiosis that allows the exchanging of genes between homologous chromosomes and contributes to genetic variation among offspring.
What is crossing over?
The three steps of cell communication/signaling.
What are reception, transduction, and response?
During this step of photosynthesis, a water molecule is broken down, and O2 is released.
What is photosystem II (PSII of the light reactions)?
This type of receptor utilizes cAMP, a second messenger produced to initiate a phosphorylation cascade/carry out signal transduction.
What is a GPCR (G Protein Coupled Receptor)?
The organelles that function to organize microtubules throughout the cell cycle.
What are centrosomes?
This process occurs during metaphase I of meiosis and involves the random orientation of homologous pairs along the metaphase plate.
What is independent assortment?
The mechanism by which diploid number can be restored in daughter cells following meiosis.
What is fertilization?
These types of plants are able to avoid photorespiration by spatially and temporally isolating carbon fixation from the Calvin Cycle.
What are C4 and CAM plants?
This type of signaling receptor begins as 2 monomers, which associate together as a dimer following the binding of a ligand to its receptor.
What is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)?
Proteins that attach the centromeres of sister chromatids to the microtubules of the spindle during cell division.
What are kinetochores?
Phase of meiosis where sister chromatids separate.
What is anaphase II?
The condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes (ex: trisomy 21).
What is aneuploidy?