The Election of 1824
A war hero from the battle of New Orleans born in the Carolina backcountry whose reputation as a "plain solid republican" attracted voters in all regions to win him the most electoral votes of any candidate.
Who was Andrew Jackson?
New York politician who organized Jackson's 1828 campaign and rebuilt Jefferson's old political coalition. Helped create a National Democratic Party.
Who was Martin van Buren?
Passed by Congress at Jackson's urging, authorized the removal of eastern tribes to lands in present day Oklahoma and Kansas.
What was the Indian Removal Act (1830)?
New England essayist and philosopher who was the leading voice of transcendentalism. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and communion with nature.
Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?
A free black activist in Boston who published An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829). Urged African Americans to resist slavery and warned white Americans of divine punishment if slavery persisted. Inspired radical abolitionist thought.
Who was David Walker?
The accusation that Henry Clay secured John Quincy Adams's victory in the House in exchange for being named Secretary of State.
A controversial tariff that won support from northern workers and farmers.
What was the Tariff of Abominations (1828)?
A forced 1200 mile march of the Cherokees in 1838 that led to the deaths of about 3k people from starvation, exposure, and disease.
What was the Trail of Tears?
A transcendentalist communal experiment near Boston that was founded to combine intellectual life, work, and social reform. Included residents such as Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller, but economic failure and a fire in 1846 led to the disbanding of the community.
What was Brook Farm?
A slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia led by a literate, deeply religious slave. 60 slaves killed at least 55 white men, women, and children. Led to southern states strengthening slave codes.
What was Nat Turner's Rebellion?
U.S. Secretary of War who withdrew from the election of 1824 to back Andrew Jackson.
Who was John C. Calhoun?
The group Jacksonians called themselves. Promoted an egalitarian message and fought against things like "artificial distinction."
What was The Democracy/Jacksonian Democracy?
When a tribe claimed the status of a "foreign nation" but Chief Justice John Marshall denied the claim and declared that Indian peoples were "domestic dependent nations."
What was Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1821)?
A young New England intellectual who followed Emerson's beliefs and in 1854 published Walden which reflected transcendentalist ideals in nature and individual conscience.
Who was Henry David Thoreau?
Radical abolitionist from Massachusetts who founded The Liberator (1831) and the New England Anti-Slavery Society. Emphasized moral and nonviolent methods.
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
An economic program that proposed strengthening the national bank, raising protective tariffs and funding internal improvements to unify the nation's economy. Faced strong opposition in the South and was central to Henry Clay's campaign.
What was the American System?
Jackson's popular nickname used by supporters to celebrate his toughness and frontier origins. Used as a symbol to appeal to the common people.
What was Old Hickory?
A Cherokee Silversmith who created a written syllabary that enabled widespread literacy among the Cherokee peoples in 1821 that supported the creation of the 1827 Cherokee Constitution modeled off of the U.S. Constitution.
Who was Sequoyah?
A transcendentalist journal edited by Margaret Fuller that published essays, literature, and philosophical works that spread transcendentalist ideals. Key outlet for Emerson and Thoreau.
What was The Dial (1840-1844)?
An informal network of free blacks and white abolitionists that helped enslaved people escape to free states and Canada. Saved thousands of enslaved people with key figures such as Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass.
What was the Underground Railroad?
Championed by the American System, they were federally funded infrastructure projects meant to promote national economic development
What was Internal Improvements?
The nickname for when crowds swarmed the White House during Jackson's inauguration.
What was the King Mob?
A conflict that started when a group's Sauk and Fox followers attempted to resist U.S. removal from their Illinois homeland. Ended in the Bad Axe Massacre, where U.S. forces killed 850 of the 1000 warriors.
What was the Black Hawk War (1832)?
A cemetary in Boston created by Unitarians that had a beautiful planned landscape and burial markers for the dead of all faiths. Inspired by Emerson's pantheistic view of nature.
What was the Mount Auburn Cemetary?
The first antislavery political party, formed after the split in the American Anti-Slavery Society over women's rights. Nominated James G. Birney, a former Alabama slaveowner, for president and argued the U.S. Constitution did not recognize slavery and sought political abolition.
What was the Liberty Party (1840)?