DNA & RNA (1)
What are the 4 DNA bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cystosine.
What is a mutation?
A mistake in heredity, change in chromosomes or genes.
What is genetic engineering?
Making changes in the DNA code.
What is a plasmid?
Circular DNA found in bacteria which is useful in DNA transfers.
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
What is a model?
A visual image of an object or idea which simplifies the object or idea.
What is selective breeding?
A form of evolution controlled by humans; a selecting of the best traits for an organism.
What do plasmids contain?
A DNA sequence that helps promote plasmid replication and a genetic marker.
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
When does protein synthesis take place?
During DNA replication.
What is DNA separated by?
Gel Electrophoresis
what is a clone?
A group of genetically identical cells, an individual produced from a single cell.
What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
1. Transcription 2. Translation
What is the difference between introns and exons?
Introns- sets of nitrogen bases that must stay in the nucleus.
Exons- sets of nitrogen bases that code for amino acids and can leave the nucleus.
What is Gel electrophoresis?
A mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel.
What is Hybridization?
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.
What occurs during transcription?
The RNA polymerase binds to DNA and uses one strand of the DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into an RNA strand.
What occurs during translation?
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins.
What is used to make copies of DNA?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (pcr)
True and false- Can mutations be totally controlled?
No, mutations cannot be totally controlled; therefore a lot of trial and error.