History, Theory, and Research Strategies
Child development is a field of study devoted to ________.
What is understanding constancy and change from conception through adolescence?
In rural communities, poverty rates are ________ than they are in urban areas, and those who live in poverty have less access to community services.
What is higher?
The term teratogen refers to ________.
What is any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period?
The Apgar scale is used to ________.
What is quickly assess the newborn’s physical condition?
In general, theories that have been developed more recently are more likely than earlier theories to claim that there is/are _______ courses of development.
What is there are many?
The emotional and social domain of child development includes changes in ________.
What is moral reasoning and/or behavior?
Compared with people who work in professional and technical occupations, those who are employed in skilled and semiskilled manual work tend to have _____ children.
What is more?
The best-known prenatal effect of smoking is ________.
What is low birth weight?
The ________ reflex helps a breastfed baby find the mother’s nipple.
Skin-to-skin contact, also known by this name, fosters improved oxygenation of the baby’s body, temperature regulation, and infant survival.
What is kangaroo care?
Jessica believes that development takes place in stages in which children change rapidly as they progress to a new level and then change very little for a while. Jessica views development as ________.
What is discontinuous?
Years of education, job held, and income earned are factors used to determine a person’s ________.
What is socioeconomic status (SES)?
The risk of a chromosomal disorder ________ sharply for women older than 35, and reproductive capacity ________with age.
What is increases; decreases?
__________ is the least-developed of the newborn baby’s senses.
What is vision?
In the United States, the federal government mandates ________ for new parents in companies with at least 50 workers.
What is 12 weeks of unpaid leave?
Child development is often divided into these three broad domains.
What is physical, cognitive, and social and emotional?
In Western nations, motivations for having children have changed over time, emphasizing ________ and deemphasizing obligation to society.
What is individual fulfillment?
Many women do not know that they are pregnant during the ________, when exposure to teratogens can be of greatest threat.
What is the early weeks of the embryonic period?
Lily is 22 inches long and weighs 9 pounds at birth. She is __________ and __________ than the average newborn.
What is longer and heavier?
When Americans and Europeans are asked about their motivations for parenthood, these are two of the most frequent advantages and disadvantages they list.
What is:
Benefits: personal fulfillment, deepening of a couple’s relationship, the sense of future continuity, being recognized as a family and having children to rely on as sources of caregiving and financial support late in life.
Disadvantages: role overload, doubts about their own readiness for parenthood, worries about bringing children into a troubled world, and financial strains.
According to this theory, the child develops within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
What is ccological systems theory ?
Bianca and Deion want to have a child, but because Bianca has a family history of fragile X syndrome, they first want to find out if she is a carrier. Bianca and Deion are candidates for ________.
What is genetic counseling?
Terrance, whose birth mother drank alcohol heavily throughout pregnancy, has a thin upper lip, short eyelid openings, a small head, and a smooth philtrum. His physical growth has been slow, and he shows impairments in memory, attention span, motor coordination, and social skills. Terrance has ________.
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
Angeline was born several weeks before her due date. Although she was small, her birth weight was appropriate, based on time spent in the uterus. Angeline is a(n) ________ infant.
What is preterm?
To examine whether interpersonal popularity was stable or unstable over time, Grayson studied a group of children at regular intervals from the time they were 5 to 18 years old. This is an example of a __________ research design.
What is longitudinal?