Geography
This river helped Egyptian civilization grow and was known for predictable flooding that left fertile soil.
Nile River.
What do we call extra crops that allow some people to do jobs other than farming?
Surplus
What word describes religions that believe in many gods?
Polytheistic
What writing material did ancient Egyptians use to record information?
Papyrus
What is one basic feature of early governments (they made rules to manage what community need)?
They made collective decisions, set rules, and organized large projects like irrigation.
Name the two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia.
Euphrates and Tigris.
Give one example of a product grown in both Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Wheat (or barley).
Which Egyptian practice was connected to beliefs about the afterlife and preserving the body?
Mummification
What was the main purpose for early writing systems (why were they created)?
To keep track of crops, trade, seasons, and government records.
Which empire's code of laws introduced the idea of written laws?
Babylonian (Hammurabi's Code).
Which river's monsoon-fed floods made rice farming possible in ancient India?
Ganges or Indus
What farming practice allowed people to farm hilly land in ancient China?
Terrace farming.
Name two key ideas or concepts from Hinduism.
Any two: dharma and karma; reincarnation and moksha; etc.
Match the writing system to its civilization: cuneiform — _______; pictograph seals — _______.
cuneiform — Mesopotamia; pictograph seals — India (Indus).
What does the "Mandate of Heaven" explain about rulers in ancient China?
It says the gods chose the ruler; a bad ruler could lose the Mandate and be replaced.
The Yellow River is often called by another name because of the color of its silt. What is that name?
The "Yellow River" is also called the Huang He.
Describe one way roads helped early civilizations (trade or travel).
Roads made travel and trade easier, connecting cities and allowing goods to move faster.
List the Four Noble Truths idea in one sentence (what problem do they address?).
They address suffering, its cause (desire), that it can end, and the path to end it (Eightfold Path).
Name one major legacy of Mesopotamian or Egyptian technology still used today (example: calendar, wheel, standardized measurements).
Examples: 365-day calendar (Egypt), wheel (Sumer/Mesopotamia), standardized measurements (Mesopotamia).
Put these in order from smallest to largest area controlled: city-state, kingdom, empire.
city-state → kingdom → empire.
Explain one environmental reason early peoples moved from nomadic life to settle in river valleys (use cause + effect).
Fertile soil from river silt made farming easier, so nomads could grow crops and settle (cause: fertile land; effect: settled communities).
Explain how specialization (people doing different jobs) led to the growth of cities.
Example: Surpluses allowed some people to specialize as artisans and merchants; specialization grew markets and cities.
Compare one similarity and one difference between Judaism and Islam based on origins or beliefs.
Similarity: Both trace roots to the Middle East and value prophets (e.g., Abraham); Difference: Judaism and Islam are monotheistic, but Islam recognizes Muhammad as the last prophet and has the Quran as scripture.
Explain how bronze tools or irrigation systems changed agriculture (describe the effect).
Bronze tools were stronger than stone, improving farming and craft production; irrigation brought water to fields away from rivers, increasing farmland and yields.
Describe one cause and one effect of an empire rising or falling (use an example from Mesopotamia or Egypt).
Cause — conquest and strong leadership expand territory; Effect — increased wealth but possible overextension leading to collapse or rebellion.