Basic Chemistry
The ability to do work
A theory stating that the Earth was formed by gradual processes such as erosion.
What is the theory of gradualism?
An English naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
The weight of a material in a given volume of fluid.
What is density?
Meaning "water-fearing", these substances are non-polar and insoluble in water.
What is hydrophobic?
A rule stating that an energy shell can have up to 8 electrons, with the exception of the first shell.
What is the octet rule?
A theory that states life can arise from nonliving matter.
What is the theory of spontaneous generation?
An English scientist who studied the distribution of fossils.
Who is William Smith?
The ability of a substance to coat a surface due to cohesion and adhesion.
What is wetting capacity?
A substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution and has a pH less than 7.
What is an acid?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed into another form.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Small of gradual changes in a population from generation to generation (short-term).
What is microevolution?
The founder of vertebrate paleontology; the scientific study of vertebrate fossils.
Who is George Cuvier?
This property allows water to absorb or release large amounts of heat energy with small changes in temperature.
What is high specific heat?
When the solution has the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
What is a saturated solution?
A bond sharing electrons equally between atoms.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
This theory states that a series of natural disasters occurred, altering the way life developed.
What is the theory of Catastrophes?
A Scottish geologist who believed the earth was gradually created through natural processes.
Who is James Hutton?
The amount of heat needed to convert ice to liquid water; about 80 calories per gram at 32oF.
What is heat of fusion?
A solution that can release or absorb hydrogen ions to maintain pH.
What is a buffer?
A chemical reaction having the general form AB+CD -> AD+CB
What is an exchange reaction?
This type of natural selection states that individuals with average traits decline as the extreme individuals become more common.
What is disruptive natural selection?
A French scientist who proposed an inheritance of acquired traits and the Scala Naturae.
Who is Jean Baptist Lamarck?
When water rises, moves, or spreads through a material due to cohesion and adhesion.
What is capillary action?
The process by which a hydrogen atom of one water molecule jumps to a neighboring water molecule, producing hydroxide and hydronium ions.
What is the ionization of water?