Hematology
This specific type of bone marrow is responsible for manufacturing red blood cells and hemoglobin.
What is red bone marrow?
When teaching a patient taking oral iron supplements for iron-deficiency anemia, the nurse should state that this change in stool color is a normal, expected finding.
What is dark or black?
To promote gravity drainage and reduce lymphedema after a radical mastectomy, the practical nurse should implement this positioning intervention for the affected arm.
What is supporting and elevating it on pillows?
This term describes the cellular and chemical process that occurs after a second or subsequent exposure to an allergen, which triggers an allergic response.
What is sensitization?
HIV specifically targets, infects, and destroys this exact type of white blood cell, disabling the body's cell-mediated immunity.
What are CD4 T cells (or Helper T cells)?
An elevated count of these immature red blood cells on a CBC indicates rapid or premature erythrocyte production.
What are erythroblasts?
This specific intramuscular injection technique must be used when administering parenteral iron to prevent tissue staining.
What is the Z-Track method?
To protect a post-mastectomy patient from infection and worsened lymphedema, the nurse must never perform these three common clinical procedures on the affected arm.
What are blood pressures, venipunctures (blood draws), and injections?
This specific class of immunoglobulins (antibodies) strictly mediates Type 1 immediate anaphylactic hypersensitivity responses.
What is Immunoglobulin E (IgE)?
While initial screenings use ELISA or OraQuick, this laboratory test is required to definitively confirm a positive HIV diagnosis.
What is a Western Blot (or Polymerase Chain Reaction/PCR test)?
What is the spleen?
This is a critical safety contraindication for a patient experiencing a painful sickle cell crisis, as it worsens vascular occlusion.
What is applying cold or ice packs? (Vasoconstriction worsens the crisis)
Infectious mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is noted for this exceptionally long incubation period before symptoms appear.
What is 30 to 50 days?
What are wheezing and stridor?
An HIV-positive individual meets the diagnostic criteria for AIDS when their CD4 T-Cell count drops below this specific numerical threshold.
What is 200 cells/mm³? (Or if they develop an AIDS defining opportunistic condition)
A white blood cell count of 2,000 cells/mm³ is classified by this clinical term, indicating a high risk of infection.
What is leukopenia?
What is Intramuscular (IM) injection?
This unique cell type must be pathologically present in a lymph node biopsy to confirm a diagnosis of Hodgkin disease.
What is a Reed-Sternberg cell?
This emergency medication is the immediate drug of choice during anaphylaxis to halt the release of vasoactive chemicals from mast cells.
What is epinephrine?
This specific vascular malignancy presents as purple-red skin lesions and is a well-known AIDS-defining opportunistic condition.
What is Kaposi Sarcoma?
Because it completely lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, this specific blood type is classified as the universal donor.
What is Type O negative?
This plasma cell malignancy is characterized by chronic bone pain, elevated calcium levels, and a characteristic "honeycomb" appearance on bone X-rays.
What is multiple myeloma?
This type of short-lived, immediate immunity occurs when ready-made antibodies are passed naturally from a parent to a child via the placenta or breast milk.
What is naturally acquired passive immunity?
To prevent a false-negative result, a patient must avoid taking these over-the-counter or prescribed medications for 48 to 72 hours before diagnostic skin testing.
What are antihistamines?
Due to extreme fatigue and profound weakness, an advanced AIDS patient may become unable to cough up secretions, placing them at immediate risk for this primary nursing diagnosis.
What is Ineffective Airway Clearance?