Prokaryotic cells
"prenucleus"
What composes the eukaryotic cell wall?
Carbohydrate/ polysaccharide
Define enzyme
Define aerobic respiration
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor
What are the 3 basic bacterial shapes?
Coccus, Bacillus, & Spiral
Give the anatomy of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer & proteins with sterols
How does an enzyme function?
It binds to substate at the active site, creates the E-S complex, transforms substrate into product, releases product. It is unchanged and free.
Define phototroph & autotroph
Uses light energy
uses inorganic carbon sources
What is peritrichous?
Flagellar arrangement with flagella all over cell surface.
What is the function of the following:
Chloroplast
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis
What three factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature
pH
substate concentration
Give the first 3 intermediates in glycolysis
Glucose, glucose 6-P, fructose 6-p, fructose 1,6 diphosphate
Thin layer of peptidoglycan
No techoic acids
outer membrane
List the 6 eukaryotic cell characteristics:
1. Paired chromosomes, not in a membrane
2. Histones with DNA
3. Membrane bound organelles
4. Polysaccharide cell walls
5. Divide by Mitosis
6. 80S ribosomes
What is a Holoenzyme and what is it composed of?
Protein - Apoenzyme
nonprotein - cofactor/coenzyme
What is the final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation? What is the end product?
pyruvic acid receives the electron, hydrogen and becomes lactic acid
List the 6 prokaryotic cell characteristics:
1. One circular chromosome, not in a membrane
2. Lack histones with DNA
3. Lack membrane bound organelles
4. Peptidoglycan cell walls
5. Reproduce by binary fission
6. 70S Ribosomes
Which type of cell is bigger and why?
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Has cytoskeleton for support of cell and cytoplasmic streaming
How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction?
Define turnover number:
What do enzymes end in?
By lowering the activation energy of the reaction
the maximum number of substrate an enzyme converts to product each second.
-ase
Explain the electron transport chain
NADH, FADH2 become oxidized.
Carrier protein becomes reduced, series of redox of carrier proteins releases energy & pumps H+ across membrane to create gradient. H+ flows down gradient through ATP synthase releasing energy and ATP is produced. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor creating water.