Chapter 4 Vocab
5 tents/points or rules including...
Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties.
Atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
Atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds
What is Daltons Atomic Theroy
The elements symbol surrounded by dots that represent the atom's valence electrons.
What is an electron dot structure?
An atom or a bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
What is an Ion?
Demostrated that atomic mass and other properties patterns. Was able to organize elements in the periodic table so that elements not yet discovered could be predicted.
Who is Mendeleev?
Particles that carry a negative charge and are located outside the atoms nucleus in various energy levels and orbitals.
Electrons
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of an element.
What is an "Atom"?
The arrangement of the electrons in an atom.
What is electron configuration?
States that atoms gain or lose or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight electrons in their outermost shell.
What is the octet rule?
Disagreed with the ideas of Democritus and believed matter was made of earth, water, air, and fire.
Who is Aristotle?
Particles that carry a positive charge and are located inside the nucleus.
What are protons?
The atomic number + The number of neutrons
What is the Mass Number?
Three dimential area where an electron can be found orbiting around an atoms nucleus.
What is atomic orbital?
The relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
What is Electronegativity?
Discovered that protons can be used to identify elements and arranged the table using increasing atomic numbers. Also described periodic law.
Who is Moseley?
The number of protons.
What is the atomic number?
1/12 the mass of a carbon atom. The unit of measure used to define the mass of an atom.
What is Atomic Mass Unit (amu)?
Rule that states a single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with the opposite spins can occupy the same orbital.
What is Hund's rule?
Half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element.
What is atomic radius?
The idea that electrons float around in a positive ion cloud and the man that proposed the model.
What is the Plum pudding model and JJ Thompson?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of nuetroms.
What is an Isotope?
The process or an unstable nuclei lose energy by spontaneously emitting waves of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma).
What is Radioactive Decay?
The set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element.
What is the atomic emission spectrum?
A family of elements that has eight electrons in their valence shells and are considered some of the most stable elements on the periodic table.
Noble Gases
The experiment in which an alpha particle was aimed at a gold foil and lead to the discovery that atoms have a positively charged nucleus.
What is the gold foil experiment?
The weighted average of isotopes for an atom.
What is the atomic mass?