Chapter 6- The Individual Level
Frustration creates a predisposition for aggression by producing an intervening emotional state: anger.
What is the frustration-aggression theory? (p.144)
“A people’s sense of collective destiny through a common past and the vision of a common future”
What is nationalism? (p. 171)
A collection of people
vs.
A sovereign political with a centralized government, which has the authority to decree and enforce laws, collect taxes, and act as the legally recognized representative in exchanges with other states, including waging war.
What is a nation vs. state? (p. 196)
It is often assumed that a group will temper a leader’s impulsive decisions.
–Group members tend to egg each other on
–Tend to take more risks because no one person must take responsibility
–Tend result in irrational actions towards outgroups
What is Groupthink? (p. 228)
Occurs when states in a dispute work, through government representatives, to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
What is diplomacy? (p. 296)
A document that provides scientific information contradicting the myth that the human capacity for aggression makes war inevitable.
What is the Seville Statement? (pg. 137-138)
National Independence
Secessionism
What are types of nationalist wars? (pgs. 177-180)
The idea that there is not a “system” of states but rather simply a number of separate entities, each pursuing its own interest
What is Realpolitik? (p. 204)
The goals of ________ are to prevent a crisis from escalating to war.
What is crisis management? (p. 230)
The goal of this perspective is to defend perceived interests and defeat the opponent by resolving it through aggression (wars, espionage, sanctions) and peaceful means (mediation, cease-fires, treaties).
VS.
The second perspective of conflict analysis stresses prevention rather than management of conflicts and nonviolent strategies as preferred means of conflict resolution
What is the realist perspective vs. the peace-oriented perspective? (p. 297)
An increase in social interaction between members of in and out-groups could reduce intergroup prejudice if the situation embodies four conditions:
–Equal status between the groups in the situation
–Sharing common goals
–No competition between the groups
–Authority sanction for the contact
What is the contact hypothesis? (p. 152)
Four major components of _________ :
-Aggression is more likely to be expressed when validated by the aggression of others
–A crowd provides strength in numbers and a shield of protective anonymity
–Leaders foment and channel the violence and diminish the reluctance of their followers to participate
–A person is more likely to be aggressive if they perceive others doing so
What is deindividuation? (p. 169)
If federal governments are truly sovereign, there is no guarantee of harmony and orderly process when they quarrel
What is international anarchy? (p. 198)
When we do something, it is acceptable, but when the enemy does the same thing, it is not.
What is the double standard of hostility? (p. 237)
At least two negotiating techniques for resolving conflict.
Possible answers: (p. 311)
What are:
–last best offer
–resolution vs. dominance
–compromise
–positional vs. integrative bargaining
To carefully calculate the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action.
What is the rational decision model? (pg. 14 and lecture)
National independence, national prestige, secessionism, and international solidarity? (p. 177-180)
What are names of nationalist war types?
Great Britain vs. France, 1841-1865
Germany vs. France, 1870s-1890s
Chile vs. Argentina, 1890-1902
What are peaceful resolution of arms races? (pg. 216)
Time-pressure, surprise, and limited options.
What are characteristics of crisis decision making? (pg. 230)
An example of biased mediation:
–Allegedly intended to settle Israeli-Palestinian dispute
–Developed without input from Palestinians, strongly favored Israeli priorities
–It was not intended to be accepted because it would have been political suicide for any Palestinian government.
What is the 2020 US-brokered Middle East “Peace Plan”? (p. 310)
Argentinian doctor who was a leader of the Cuba Revolution. He later tried to export revolution to Africa and South America.
Who was Che Guevara
Sentiments of national unity are often associated with yearnings of a group of people to break away from a larger collectivity ...
What is secessionism? (pg. 179)
Turkey-Greece 1987
Northern Ireland agreement.
What are examples of successful diplomacy? (pg. 302)
The Bay of Pigs, Cuban foco in Congo, and Bolivia.
What are examples of misperception in crisis decision making? I will also accept 'misreading of history'. (pg. 235-236 and lecture)
Two or more major political leaders meet to resolve an issue. For example, arms control.
What is a summit?