Chapter 8
Which aspect of planning refers to documents that outline how results are to be achieved?
Plans
A firm's ________ strategy is an organizational strategy for how it will compete in its primary or main market.
competitive
The process of grouping jobs together is known as ________.
departmentalization
Organizational change can best be defined as any alteration of people, ________, or technology.
structure
The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are calm waters and __________.
white-water rapids
Most companies' plans can be classified as either strategic or ________.
operational
In an organization, the single independent businesses which formulate their own competitive strategies are known as ________.
strategic business units
A(n) ________ organization is highly adaptive, loose, and flexible.
organic
In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.
white-water rapids
In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.
change agents
________ plans apply to the entire organization and establish the organization's overall goals.
Strategic
The final step in the strategic management process allows an organization to understand the ________ of the strategies used.
effectiveness
If top managers make key decisions with little input from below, then the organization is more ________.
centralized
The appropriate order for the three-step change process is unfreezing, changing and ___________.
refreezing
Technological changes usually involve the introduction of new equipment, ________. or operating methods.
tools
Top executives are mainly involved in ________ planning.
strategic
A ________ _______ describes the rationale of how a company is going to make money.
business model
The ________ of control determines the number of levels and managers in an organization.
span
Organizations need change because external and ________ factors create the forces for change.
internal
________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction.
Sensitivity training
________ _________ involves screening information to detect emerging trends.
environmental scanning
The combined external and internal analyses are called ________.
SWOT analysis
_______ __ _______ is one of Fayol's 14 principles of management and states that a person should report to only one manager?
Unity of command
An individual is likely to resist change because of the feeling of ________.
uncertainty
________ involves bringing individuals directly affected by the proposed change into the decision-making process.
Participation