Vocabulary 1
What is weathering?
when rock/soil breaks away by water, ice, temperature changes, or wind
What is erosion?
the moving of pieces of soil or rock by wind, water, ice, plants, or animals
Name the 3 different types of rock.
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary
Where do tsunamis form?
from an earthquake on the ocean floor
What do we call magma when it comes out of the volcano?
lava
What is a fault?
a crack where Earth's crust can move
Name the 4 ways that scientists classify rocks.
luster, hardness, color, and streak
What mineral is a 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness?
quartz
What causes a volcano to erupt?
a. earthquakes heat up magma, which explodes
b. magma comes through the crust in a weak spot
c. movement in Earth's plates heats up magma so it explodes
d. violent weather rubs the crust bare and the magma escapes
magma comes through the crust in a weak spot
Describe how each type of rock forms.
igneous= magma that cools quickly and hardens
sedimentary= formed when sediment has pressure applied to it
metamorphic= when rock heats up and has pressure applied to it
What do we call the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus?
epicenter
What is luster?
the way a mineral's surface reflects light
What type of rock is made of layers?
Sedimentary
What are the 4 layers of the Earth?
crust, mantle, inner core, and outer core
How are earthquakes and volcanoes alike and different?
They are both rapid changes to Earth's surface, but volcanoes are cone-shaped and spit magma while earthquakes are plates moving underneath the Earth's crust.
What is a volcano?
a cone-shaped landform that can erupt at times
What is a mineral?
different kinds of crystals that make up rocks
What type of rock is obsidian?
Igneous
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the wearing away/breaking of rocks into smaller pieces.
Erosion is the process where sediment is carried away by ice, water, or wind.
Which can cause physical weathering?
a. water
b. the crust
c. landforms
d. the surface
water
What is deposition?
the laying down of rock, soil, or other material on the surface of the Earth
What is an earthquake?
Which describes talc?
a. a very soft material
b. a very hard material
c. a mineral also known as pyrite
d. a rock made of calcite and salt
a very soft material
Which of these is true of the Earth's surface?
a. Earth's surface is constantly hanging
b. change to Earth's surface always takes a long time
c. all landforms on Earth's surface end up in the water
d. the rocks on Earth's surface move, but they don't change
a. Earth's surface is constantly hanging
How does acid rain form?
when carbon dioxide and rain mix