Cellular Reproduction
What are the five phases of Mitosis?
Prophase,Metaphase,Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis
What interphase and mitosis are apart of.
The Cell Cycle
A condensed structure made of DNA that carries genetic information.
Whats a Chromosome?
This phase of mitosis is when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
metaphase
This type of cell division produces gametes such as sperm and egg cells.
Meiosis
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes form and the spindle apprataus forms.
Proteins that bind to enzymes to start stages of of interphase and mitosis.
Cyclins
The stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and copies its DNA
Whats is Interphase?
During this phase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
anaphase
Meiosis produces cells with how many sets of chromosomes compared to the original cell?
Haploid
What happens during metaphase?
The chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell by motor proteins.
Progammed Cell Death
Apoptosis
The process where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate cells.
What is Cytokinesis?
This thread-like structure forms during mitosis and helps move chromosomes around the cell.
spindle fibers
________ are a type of cells that can be directed to become specialized cells.
stem cells
What happens during anaphase?
The chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.
The various proteins that move the chromosomes during mitosis
The Spindle Apparatus
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
What is Crossing Over
The whole structure including the spindle fibers and centrioles is called the ______
spindle appuratus
This phenomenon explains why offspring inherit different combinations of chromosomes due to the random alignment of homologous pairs in meiosis 1.
independent assortment?
What happens during telophase and cytokinesis?
The chromosomes relax into chromatin, two nuclei begins to reform, and the cleavege furrow splits the cell.
What is Cancer
The uncontrolable growth of cells
An error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate correctly, causing abnormal chromosome numbers.
What is Nondisjunction
Proteins called _____ bind to enzymes called
______________________ in the stages of interphase and mitosis to initiate various activities
1.cyclins
2.cyclin-dependent kinases
__________are chromosomes that end in protective caps that consist of DNA associated with proteins.
telomeres