Cell Structure
(Organelles)
(Organelles)
What breaks down sugar and creates energy for the cell?
The Mitochondria
Explain the significance of chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is the reason a Chloroplast is green. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs the energy in sunlight.
What is an element?
Different types of atoms.
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy. Cells break down carbohydrates to release energy stored in them.
What is a genetic disorder?
A disease in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence from the normal sequence.
What is ONLY in animal cells and breaks down dead organelles?
Lysosomes
Why do plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don't?
Since plant cells don't have a skeleton, it's the cell wall that provides shape and support to the plant cell.
The difference between a molecule and a compound.
Molecules - a group of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds
Compound - a substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds.
True or False: the head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, and attracts water.
True
What is the most common mutation? Define it.
Substitution
When one base replaces another base.
What organelle is in charge of producing and transporting lipids?
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Why are cells so small?
Their size is limited by their surface area
Why do lipids repel water?
Because they are hydrophobic and naturally repel water.
Why do cells require water?
Cells need water, because it makes nearly two-thirds of the mass of the cell. Also, water is an important nutrient for life.
Define Transcription
The process of making an RNA copy of gene sequence.
Do animal cells have cell walls?
No, only plant cells do
Explain what happens when a cells gets too big.
If a cell gets too big, then the cell's surface area will not be large enough to take in enough nutrients or pump out wastes.
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Is a nucleic acid a molecule or an atom? Explain.
A nucleic acid is a molecule because it provides repair, growth, and life processes to the cell.
True or False: Disorders such as Tay-Sachs disease and sickle cell anemia are mutations that occur during a person's lifetime. Explain your answer.
False, because these genetic disorders are inherited from parent to offspring.
A complex system of flattened membrane sacs. Lipids and proteins are delivered to be modified for different jobs. What is this?
The Golgi Complex/Apparatus
Where do cells have their chromosomes?
In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA is packed into thread-like structures called chromosomes.
Define phospholipids.
A lipid that contains phosphorus, and makes up the cell membrane.
What happens if you separated the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule?
The water molecule would no longer exist.
Each type of RNA has a special role in making proteins. Describe what the types are, and how they are important in the process.
messenger RNA - Messenger RNA is necessary for protein production. In cells, mRNA uses the information in genes to create a blueprint for making proteins.
ribosomal RNA - It is a ribosome exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein.
transfer RNA - A tRNA molecule forms base pairs with its complementary sequence on the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the protein.