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Zinc metal reacts with Hydrochloric acid solution producing Zinc Chloride (aq) and Hydrogen (g).
What is a single replacement reaction
When a solid dissolves in water and its ions separate, this process has occured.
What is dissociation.
This quantity measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, while its cousin measures the total energy transferred between objects.
What is temperature (vs. heat)?
Entropy is often described informally as a measure of this quality in a system,
What is disorder.
Like all things in chemistry, using q for this term in a system makes total sense.
What is the heat of a system?
This series actually tells you whether a single replacement reaction will really occur.
What is the reactivity series.
In a net ionic equation, these ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation and are removed from the final expression.
What are spectator ions
The overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process.
What is the Hess's Law?
Of the three phases of matter — solid, liquid, and gas — rank them from lowest to highest entropy.
What are solid<Liquid<gas?
This law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same regardless of whether it occurs in one step or multiple steps.
What is the Hess's Law?
2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) --> 2KNO3 (aq) +PbI2 (s); a canary yellow precipitate is formed due to this type of reaction.
What is a double displacement reaction.
Before a chemical reaction, the total mass of two reactants is measured to be 40 grams. After the reaction, the total mass of the products is this
What is a total of 40 grams?
Using q = mcΔT, calculate the heat (in joules) required to raise 250 g of water from 20°C to 75°C. (c = 4.184 J/g·°C)
What is 57,530 J (or approximately 57.5 kJ)?
[q = 250 × 4.184 × 55]
Measure of the degree of randomness of the particles, such as molecules, in a system.
A piece of metal at 50 degrees C is dropped in a container of alcohol at 30 degrees C. Heat flows from ____________ to _____________
What is from the metal to the surrounding alcohol?
A student mixes aqueous sodium sulfate with aqueous barium chloride and observes a white precipitate. Write the net ionic equation for this double displacement reaction.
What is Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s)?
According to solubility rules, most sulfate salts of alkaline earth metals are soluble, but this common alkaline earth metal sulfate is a well-known exception that forms a white precipitate.
What is Barium Sulphate?
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is also known by this more common name.
The Law of Conservation of Energy?
N2(g)+O2(g)→2NO(l)+ Heat
In the above reaction, heat is given off and NO has an entropy value of 32 kJ, N2 an entropy value of 65 kJ, and O2 an entropy value of 80kJ. What is the change in entropy of formation of this reaction?
-81 kJ
Sum (S)^0 = Sum S^0 _Products - Sum S^0 _ Reactants
= (2x32kJ) - (65 kJ+ 80 kJ)
81 kJ
onsider the following processes:
A --> 2B + 2C H = X
B --> C + D H = Y
If the target equation is 4B --> A + 2D, the value of delta H is ...
What is -X + 2Y
Splitting 8 molecules of water results in the release of this number of molecules of oxygen gas (O2)
What is four
When a strong acid is mixed with a strong base in an aqueous solution, the net ionic equation always simplifies to this reaction, regardless of which specific acid and base are used.
What is H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)?
Energy in chemical reactions is utilized in 2 ways: Breaking bonds, and
What is forming new bonds?
The second law of thermodynamics states that in any spontaneous process, the total value of this quantity in the universe always increases.
What is the Entropy.
Classify the following reaction:
3 Fe + 2 O2 --> Fe3O4 + 1120.48 kJ
What is an exothermic reaction.
In this type of reaction, heat must be continuously supplied to break down the blue solid copper (II) hydroxide into the black solid copper (II) oxide and water.
What is an endothermic reaction
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound
What is zero
This branch of chemistry studies the quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during chemical reactions.
What is thermochemistry
At the exact temperature where a phase change occurs (e.g., melting or boiling at equilibrium), the entropy change of the surroundings exactly offsets that of the system. The energy available for work equals this numeric value.
What is equal to zero.
For a reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures, ΔH must be negative and ΔS must be positive, which guarantees that this thermodynamic quantity ---- is always negative.
What is the free energy?