Pharmacodynamics (PD)
This field studies what a drug does to the body, including receptor binding and biological response.
Answer: What is pharmacodynamics?
This ion channel targeted by lidocaine regulates sodium flow across nerve membranes.
Answer: What is the sodium channel?
The maximum effect a drug can produce.
Answer: What is Emax?
This value represents the dose at which 50% of patients experience therapeutic benefit.
Answer: What is ED50?
This field studies what the body does to the drug.
Answer: What is pharmacokinetics?
These biological molecules are the most common targets drugs interact with to produce effects.
Answer: What are receptors?
Fluoxetine acts on this transporter involved in serotonin reuptake.
Answer: What is SERT (serotonin transporter)?
The concentration that produces 50% of the maximal effect.
Answer: What is EC50?
This value represents the dose at which 50% of patients experience toxicity.
Answer: What is TD50?
The four major pharmacokinetic processes are abbreviated by this acronym.
Answer: What is ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)?
A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a biological response.
Answer: What is an agonist?
This enzyme targeted by lisinopril regulates blood pressure.
Answer: What is ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)?
This term describes how much drug is needed to produce an effect.
Answer: What is potency?
The ratio TD50 / ED50 is known as this safety measure.
Answer: What is the therapeutic index?
This describes the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged.
Answer: What is bioavailability (F)?
A drug that binds to a receptor but blocks activation and prevents cellular response.
Answer: What is an antagonist?
Propranolol blocks this receptor involved in sympathetic nervous system signaling.
Answer: What is the β-adrenergic receptor?
This describes the strength of the maximal drug effect regardless of dose.
Answer: What is efficacy?
Drugs such as digoxin, lithium, and warfarin have this type of therapeutic index.
Answer: What is a narrow therapeutic index?
Intravenous drugs typically have this percentage of bioavailability.
Answer: What is 100%?
Two other common biological drug targets besides receptors include these functional proteins responsible for catalysis and membrane transport.
Answer: What are enzymes and transporters?
This type of inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the enzyme's active site structure.
Answer: What is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
Loop diuretics show this type of curve relating dose to response.
Answer: What is a sigmoidal dose-response curve?
A large gap between ED50 and TD50 indicates this about drug safety.
Answer: What is a safer drug or wide therapeutic window?
Oral drugs may lose bioavailability due to this metabolic process in the liver.
Answer: What is first-pass metabolism?