Cells and Organelles
Where in a cell is energy created?
Mitochondria
Diffusion of water is referred to as ________
Osmosis
List all 4 steps of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Which two macromolecules provide us with the most energy?
Carbs and lipids
If the left side of a DNA strand reads TACGGT, what would the right side be?
ATGCCA
List 2 organelles plant cells have that animal cells don't.
Chloroplast
Cell wall
One Central vacuole
If energy is being used to move a substance across a cell membrane, what type of transport is it?
Active transport
A horse has 64 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many new cells are created and how many chromosomes are in each cell?
2 cells, each with 64 chromosomes
To which biomolecule group do enzymes belong?
Proteins
What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases of a DNA strand together?
Weak hydrogen
Where in a prokaryotic cell is DNA stored?
Free floating in the cytoplasm
What part of a cell is mainly responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
Cell membrane
List all 3 stages of interphase and briefly describe what happens at each step?
G1- growth
S- DNA replicates
G2- growth
What is the name of the substance that goes into an enzymatic reaction?
Substrate
If the left side of a DNA strand was GCAAT, what would the RNA strand created be?
CGUUA
Which cell organelle sorts, packages, and sends out proteins to different parts of a cell?
Golgi apparatus / golgi body
Substances will continue to move into and out of a cell until what happen?
Equilibrium is reached
During which phase of the cell cycle is the nuclear membrane broken down and spindle fibers appear?
Prophase
Why must a plant perform both photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis gives them food, while respiration gives them energy
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
If a blood cell and a muscle cell in a person have the exact same DNA, why do those cells look and function so differently?
Different genes are activated
A saltwater fish is placed in a freshwater pond. What will happen to the cells of this animal and in what type of solution has the fish been placed?
Cells will swell - hypotonic
Why must DNA be replicated prior to cell division?
To ensure each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell
List all reactants and products for aerobic cellular respiration
reactants: glucose and oxygen
products: carbon dioxide, water, and ATP energy
If a DNA strand reads TACGGGAAA, what would the resulting amino acids be?
Met-Pro-Phe