Bonding
What IMF does adenosine and caffeine form with the adenosine receptors?
Hydrogen bonding
Caffeine is structurally similar to this brain molecule, which allows it to block cellular receptors and prevent feelings of drowsiness.
Adenosine
Because energy drinks block the brain's sleep promoting receptors, drinking them can cause this chronic inability to sleep.
insomnia
What is the recommended number of energy drinks per day?
1 can
The structure of caffeine C8H10N4O2 relies entirely on these types of strong bonds where electrons are shared between nonmetal atoms.
Covalent Bonds
Energy drinks contain what simple sugar? (Hint: it is sugar in simplest form)
C6H12O6 - Absorbed and metabolised by the cells with help of insulin
Some energy drinks act as diuretics, which means their high stimulant content can result in increased frequency of this bodily function.
urination
What is the maximum amount of caffeine that is safe for consumption?
~400 mg
Why does caffeine more readily bind to the adenosine receptors?
There are more caffeine available for the receptors to occupy
What does caffeine do to your body?
blocks sleep-inducing chemicals in your brain to boost alertness
What is the effect of too much glucose intake?
Insulin tolerance => type 2 diabetes
What is the pH range for energy drinks?
2.5-3.5
Due to the polar nature of the caffeine molecule, these weak intermolecular forces, rather than true chemical bonds, allow caffeine to temporarily interact with water.
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
What does taurine help do to your body?
It is an amino acid that supports cardiovascular health, nervous system function, and immune system strength
List 2 things that high amounts of guarana do to your body
heart palpitations, severe insomnia, anxiety, tremors, headaches, stomach irritation, (severe cases: arrhythmias or seizures)
What is the chemical formula for caffeine?
C8H10N4O2
This specific, exceptionally strong type of intermolecular force is largely responsible for the solubility of sugars and amino acids in acidic energy drinks.
Hydrogen Bonding
What is the enzyme in charge of caffeine metabolism?
The primary enzyme responsible for metabolizing caffeine is cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
High amounts of stimulants can lead to this severe physical condition where the body loses too much fluid and essential salts.
dehydration
What is the average amount of caffeine in a standard 16oz energy drink?
~160 mg