The scientists who discovered the structure of DNA
Who are Watson and Crick?
100
Three consecutive bases that specify an amino acid
What is a codon?
100
The definition of genetic engineering
What is making changes in the DNA code of a living organism?
100
The name of the scientist who first proposed the theory of evolution
Who is Charles Darwin?
100
Random change in allele frequency
What is genetic drift?
200
The rule that adenine always binds with thymine and guanine with cytosine
What is base pairing?
200
Type of point mutation where one nucleotide swapped for another
What is a substitution mutation?
200
A protein that cuts DNA at a specific sequence
What is a restriction enzyme?
200
The definition of fitness
What is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment?
200
When individuals at one end of the curve have a higher fitness than those in the middle or the opposite end
What is directional selection?
300
The name of the enzyme that adds nucleotides and proofreads the new sequences
What is DNA polymerase?
300
The name given to a group of genes that work together, usually only in prokaryotes
What is an operon?
300
A procedure that separates DNA fragments based on size using electricity
What is gel electrophoresis?
300
Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance for survival
What is an adaptation?
300
When individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than those in the middle
What is disruptive selection?
400
Two ways that RNA is different than DNA
What is the sugar, single-stranded, uracil instead of thymine, and three main types of RNA?
400
The part of the tRNA that is complimentary to the mRNA codon
What is an anticodon?
400
The explanation of what polymerase chain reaction (PCR) does
What is a process that quickly makes many copies of a small fragment of DNA or a gene?
400
An example of a vestigial organ.
What is pelvic bone in whale, wings on ostrich, wisdom teeth, tail bone, and appendix in humans?
400
A situation in which allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small group of the population
What is the founder effect?
500
The function of the three types of RNA
What is carry message to ribosome (mRNA), act as part of the ribosome (rRNA), and transfer the correct amino acid to the ribosome (tRNA)?
500
The group of genes that controls the differentiation of cells in the embryo
What are hox genes?
500
The difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning
What is the way the embryo is used? Therapeutic cloning uses the embryo to get cells or organs, while reproductive cloning uses the embryo to create an entire new organism.
500
An explanation of what "survival of the fittest" means.
What is that individuals who are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully?
500
The five conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium, as outlined by Hardy and Weinberg.
What is random mating, large populations, no movement in or out of the population, no mutations, and no natural selection?