Plate Tectonics
What kind of plate boundary occurs when 2 plates slide past each other?
Transform boundary
Rocks being carried away to new places is called _________
Erosion
True or false- any type of rock can be turned into another type if it goes through the necessary process (example- sedimentary can become igneous if it melts and hardens)
True!
What is absolute age?
The age of a rock by number in years
Sediments being dropped off at new places is called _______
deposition
What is the name of the ancient supercontinent?
Pangea
Rocks being broken down by acid rain is an example of _______ ________.
chemical weathering
Name the process that forms a mineral
Crystallization
What is relative dating?
Comparing the age of one rock to another- (oldest-youngest, not a number)
Where is volcanic activity most common?
along plate boundaries (or at hot spots)
The continents fitting together like puzzle pieces is evidence of ____________ theory, invented by ___________
Continental Drift Theory (by Alfred Wegener)
_______ and _______ of sediment is how new landforms are created. (example- deltas, canyons, riverbanks, etc)
Erosion and deposition
What type of rock is granite?
Igneous
Earth's history is broken into _____
Periods
What is the relationship between earthquakes and tsunamis?
When an earthquake happens underwater, the energy from the plate movement causes a tsunami to form.
Name and describe the process that moves tectonic plates.
Convection- when hot material in the mantle rises and cool material falls, moving plates like a "conveyor belt."
Erosion is caused by what 3 things?
Water, ice, wind
The rock cycle is driven by _______ from the mantle/core.
heat
What 2 things do scientists use to determine the relative age of rocks?
Strata (organization of layers) and fossils
What is an index fossil?
A fossil that tells scientists the age of a rock
What are the 3 types of stress from plate movement?
Tension, compression, and shearing
Name 1 slow change that could change rock and one fast change.
Slow- erosion, weathering
Fast- earthquakes, mudslides, volcanic eruption
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Heat and pressure
The Law of Superposition states that __________
Younger rock lays on top of older rock
In the rock cycle, 2 processes must occur to make sediments. What are they?