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Mechanisms of Separation
Thermodynamic Laws
Equilibrium Separations
Distillation
Solving Distillation Problems
100
Distillation, crystallization, absorption
What are phase separating processes?
100
pV=nRT
What is the Ideal Gas Law?
100
No heat transfer, Tvapor=Tliquid
What is thermal equilibrium?
100
50 BC, Egypt
What is the first time and place distillation was recorded?
100
6 F, z, T, P, Pdrum, size of drum(variable)
What is the degrees of freedom of a binary flash?
200
LLE, Adsorption
What are mass separating agents?
200
Pi=xiPivap
What is Raoult's Law?
200
Balance of forces between liquid and vapor, Pliquid=Pvapor
What is mechanical equilibrium?
200
Pressure in tank is less than pressure of feed stream
What is flash distillation?
200
Solve mass balance and equilibrium relationship OR Solve energy balance and enthalpy equations
What is the sequential solution procedure?
300
Membrane
What is barrier separation?
300
Pi=Hixi
What is Henry's Law?
300
Phase equilibrium, chemical potential of i is equal in liquid and vapor phase
What is chemical equilibrium?
300
F= L + V
What is the overall mass balance for flash distillation?
300
Solve mass and energy balance at the same time
What is the simultaneous solution procedure?
400
Chromatography, ion exchange
What is solid separating agent?
400
P=ΣPi
What is Dalton's Law?
400
Graph of Xi vs. Yi from vapor-liquid equilibrium data
What is a McCabe-Thiele diagram?
400
hfF= HvV + hLL
What is the energy balance of a binary flash distillation?
400
y=- (1-f)/f X+ 1/f Z
What is the operating equation?
500
Centrifugation, electrophoresis
What is force gradient separation?
500
ln P= A-(B/(C+T))
What is Antoine's Equation?
500
The maximum limit of separation that can be achieved
What is an azeotrope?
500
Σxi=1
What is the stoichiometric balance of the liquid phase?
500
Feed composition on a McCabe-Thiele diagram
What is the value the operating line intersects x=y at?