When the researcher physically intervenes to alter the conditions experienced by the experimental unit.
What is an experimental treatment?
100
The extent to which the effects detected in a study are truly caused by the treatment or exposure in the study sample, rather than being due to other biasing effects of extraneous variables.
What is internal validity?
100
The probability of making a Type I error.
What is alpha?
100
Useful for describing trends and explaining the relationship among variables.
What is quantitative research?
100
A process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue.
What is research?
200
Qualitative procedures for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a cultural group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time.
What is ethnographic design?
200
The extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study.
What is external validity?
200
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
What is Type II Error?
200
A committee made up of faculty members who review and approve research so that the research protects the rights of the participants.
What is an institutional review board?
200
What is the broad subject matter addressed by the study.
Individuals develop or change during the experiment (i.e., become older, wiser, stronger, and more experienced), and these changes may affect their scores between the pretest and posttest.
What is maturation?
300
A characteristic of the distribution of a population, such as its mean (mu) or standard deviation (lowercase sigma).
What is parameter?
300
Useful for exploring and understanding a central phenomenon.
What is qualitative research?
300
1. Identifying a research problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Specifying a purpose for research
4. Collecting data
5. Analyzing and interpreting the data
6. Reporting and evaluating research
What are the 6 steps in the process of research?
400
The process in which the researcher gathers stories, analyzes them for key elements of the story (e.g., time, place, plot, and scene), and then rewrites the story to place it in a chronological sequence.
What is restorying?
400
Time passes between the beginning of the experiment and the end, and events may occur during that time that affect the outcome of the experiment.
What is history?
400
χ2=∑(O−E)^2/E
What is the chi-square formula?
400
The research term used for qualitative sampling.
What is purposeful sampling?
400
A written summary of articles, books, and other documents that describe the past and current state of knowledge about a topic.
What is a literature review?
500
The systematic, qualitative procedures that researchers use to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, action, or interaction about a substantive topic.
What are grounded theory designs?
500
The inability to generalize beyond the groups in the experiment, such as to other racial, social, geographical, age, gender, or personality groups.
What is interaction of selection and treatment?
500
A continuation of the status quo, or what is commonly believed.
What is the null hypothesis?
500
The point where you have identified the major themes and no new information can add to your list of themes or to the detail for existing themes.
What is saturation?
500
The beneficence of treatment of participants (maximizing good outcomes and minimizing risk), respect for participants (protecting autonomy and ensuring well-informed, voluntary participation), and justice (a fair distribution of risk and benefits).
What are the 3 basic principles of the Belmont Report?