Gases
In Kinetic Molecular Theory, how much volume are gas particles assumed to occupy?
A negligible volume
How are surface area and volatility related?
As surface area increases, volatility increases.
What is ΔSuniverse for a spontaneous process?
ΔSuniverse has to be greater than 0.
The kinetic energy also increases.
Name all the strong bases.
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2.
If the temperature of a gas is increased, how will the number of collisions by gas molecules against the container walls change?
The number of collisions should increase with an increase in temperature.
What are the requirements for hydrogen bonding?
A hydrogen covalently bonded to and N, O, or F. A lone pair of electrons on an N, O, or F.
In an exothermic reaction, what happens to the temperature of the surroundings?
The temperature of the surroundings increases.
What is consumed during a chemical reaction, but later regenerated?
A catalyst.
What is the conjugate acid of HPO42-?
H2PO4-
Which of the following gases will have the lowest average speed? Oxygen, Neon, Nitrogen, or Fluorine
Neon
The larger the molecule the slower the speed.
How are vapor pressure and IMF strength related?
As the strengths of IMFs increases, the vapor pressure decreases.
Which of the following compounds would have the greatest entropy: CH3OH, Ne, or CaCl2
CH3OH would have the greatest entropy because it contains the most atoms.
What types of radioactive particles can penetrate human skin?
Will Ammonium Bromide be acidic, basic, or neutral?
Acidic
How are volume and temperature related in regards to gases?
Directly Proportional
This term is defined as the heat required to convert 1.00 mol of liquid into the gas state.
ΔHvap
What are two examples of reversible processes?
Melting points and boiling points.
What two conditions must molecules meet for a collision to be successful?
Orientation must be correct and the energy must be high enough.
Will ammonium ever act as an base? Why or why not?
It will not because if it accepts another proton, nitrogen will have 5 bonds and exceed the octet rule.
Name 5 gas laws, write their equations, and state the relationship between variables (e.g. direct, indirect, ect.)
Amonton's, Charles', Boyle's, Avogadro's, Combined, Ideal
If a solid mixes with a liquid, which will have the higher vapor pressure in solution?
The liquid. The vapor pressure of the solid is so tiny it can be ignored.
If ΔSrxn is greater than 0 and ΔHrxn is less than 0, what is the sign of ΔSuniverse? Is the reaction spontaneous?
ΔSuniverse is greater than 0. The reaction is spontaneous.
As the activation energy of a reaction increases, what happens to the rate constant?
The rate constant decreases.
How do resonance structures contribute to the strength of an acid?
A stronger acid will have more resonance structures. (HNO3 vs. HNO2)