Descriptive Numbers
A spontaneous reaction is indicated by this sign of ΔG.
What is negative?
When products are removed from an equilibrium mixture, the reaction will shift in this direction.
What is towards products (right)?
The measure of the amount of disorder/randomness in a system.
What is entropy?
A certain reaction has an equilibrium constant Kc = 2. What is the value of Kc'?
What is 1/2?
When an object is cooled down, the system ____ entropy.
What is decreases in; loses?
A reactant-favored reaction is indicated by an equilibrium constant in this range.
What is below 1?
When products are added to the equilibrium mixture, the reaction will shift in this direction.
What is towards reactants (left)?
The value that describes the ratio of reactants and products at any point during a reaction.
What is the reaction quotient (Q)?
A certain compound has a standard enthalpy of formation of 15 kJ/mol. The standard enthalpy of decomposition is
What is -15 kJ/mol?
When using an ICE table, we often use this mathematical formula.
What is the quadratic formula/equation?
A larger reaction extent towards products corresponds to a ___ value of K.
What is larger?
When the volume of a reaction container is increased, the reaction will shift in this direction.
What is towards more moles of gas?
The term that combines energetic and entropic factors together to give a measure of overall reaction spontaneity and directionality.
What is Gibb's free energy (ΔG)?
A certain mixture of gases includes CO. If the mole fraction of CO in this mixture is 0.50 and the total pressure of the mixture of gases is 2 atm, the partial pressure of CO is:
What is 1 atm?
This value is equal to 0 at equilibrium.
What is ΔG?
We communicate that a reaction is disfavored energetically based on this sign and type of variable.
What is positive ΔH?
When Q<K, the reaction will shift in this direction.
What is towards products (right)?
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
If the ΔHrxn for a process is 600 kJ at 200 K, the ΔSsurr is:
What is -0.003 J/K
When solving a calorimetry problem, we set these two values equal to each other.
What is qhot and -qcold (or qreaction and -qcal)
A certain reaction carried out at a constant pressure has a ΔHrxn of 84 kJ/mol and a ΔSrxn of 252 J/K. The conditions at which this reaction is spontaneous are:
What is high temperatures (where ΔS dominates)?
When Q=K, the reaction will shift in this direction.
What is no shift (we are at equilibrium!)?
The statement that in a perfectly ordered crystalline substance at 0 K, the entropy is equal to 0.
What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
10. g of a certain material that has a specific heat of 1.0 J/goC is heated up by 5.0oC. The material absorbed this much heat in the process.
What is 50 J (or 0.050 kJ)?
The equilibrium expression for the reaction
Cu (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) <----> Cu2+ (aq) + 2 Ag(s)
Kc = [Cu2+]/[Ag+]2