Energy & Thermodynamics
The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
Law of Conservation of Energy
In a closed system, what can be exchanged with the surroundings?
Energy but not matter
What is the formula for calculating heat q using mass, specific heat, and temperature change?
q= mcΔT
What is Boyles Law
Pressure-volume relationship at constant temperature and fixed amount of gas.
P1V1 = P2V2
What is the formula for calculating partial pressure?
Ppartial = Xgas x Ptotal
What type of reaction releases heat to its surroundings?
Exothermic Reaction
Which type of system does a reaction in a sealed container represent?
Closed system
The amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 g of a substance by 1°C.
Specific Heat
What is the ideal gas law formula?
PV=nRT
What does Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures state?
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
What is the term for energy stored within chemical bonds?
Chemical potential energy
Give an example of an isolated system.
Insulated container
The change in enthalpy, ΔH, is the enthalpy of the products minus the...
enthalpy of the reactants.
ΔH = Hproducts − Hreactants
Rearrange Charles's law to solve for T2:
V1T1= V2T2
A container holds a mixture of three gases: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. The partial pressures are PN2=2 atm, PO2=1 atm PAr=0.5atm. What is the total pressure of the gas mixture?
3.5 atm
What type of process occurs when energy is absorbed from the surroundings?
Endothermic process
If ΔH is positive, is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
What is STP and its values?
Standard Temperature and Pressure, 1 atm, 25°C/ 273K
What law is used for the following: A 3.50 L sample of hydrogen gas has a pressure of 0.750 atm. What is its volume if its pressure is increased to 1.50 atm at constant temperature?
Boyle's Law: P1V1 = P2V2
A gas mixture contains 2 moles of oxygen and 3 moles of nitrogen at a total pressure of 5 atm. What is the partial pressure of nitrogen?
3 atm
A person rolls a bowling ball across the floor, where the bowling ball is defined as the system.
Work is positive
energy + 2HgO(s) --> 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Endothermic
What is Hess’s Law?
The enthalpy change for any process is independent of the particular way the process is carried out.
ΔHtotal = ΔH1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3
What law is used to solve the following: A sample containing 22.0 g of gaseous carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 15.3 L. What will the new volume be if an additional 15.0 g CO2(g) are added, with no change in temperature or pressure?
Avogadro's Law
V1/n1= V2/n2
How many moles of gas are in a 10.0 L container at 3.50 atm and 400 K? (R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)
1.07 mol