Chapter 4
In this type of reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances, often requiring an input of energy like heat or light.
What is a Decomposition reaction?
This value, calculated as (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) times 100, measures the efficiency of a chemical reaction performed in a lab.
What is Percent Yield?
This term describes a process that absorbs heat from its surroundings, resulting in a positive change in enthalpy (Delta H > 0)
What is an Endothermic process?
According to Boyle’s Law, if you decrease the volume of a gas at a constant temperature, this property will increase.
What is pressure?
This term refers to ions that appear on both sides of a complete ionic equation and do not participate in the actual chemical change, often being "canceled out" to write the net ionic equation.
What are Spectator Ions?
In a chemical reaction, this is the reactant that is completely consumed first, thereby determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
What is the Limiting Reactant (or Limiting Reagent)?
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred as these two specific quantities.
What are Heat (q) and Work (w)?
Charles’s Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided that the temperature is measured using this specific absolute scale
What is the Kelvin scale?
Unlike their "strong" counterparts, these substances only partially ionize when dissolved in water, resulting in a solution that is a poor conductor of electricity.
What are Weak Electrolytes?
In a titration, this is the specific point at which the number of moles of H+ ions exactly equals the number of moles of OH- ions.
What is the Equivalence Point?
In the common calorimetry equation q = mCDeltaT,(MCAT) the variable C represents this intensive property, defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
At constant amount and pressure, what will happen to the volume of a gas if the temperature is decreased?
What is the volume will decrease?
In a redox reaction, this specific substance gains electrons and undergoes reduction, effectively causing another substance to be oxidized.
What is the Oxidizing Agent?
In a titration experiment, this is the term for the point at which an added chemical indicator changes color, signaling that the reaction is complete.
What is the End Point?
This fundamental law of thermochemistry states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same regardless of whether it occurs in one step or a series of steps.
What is Hess’s Law?
How many moles of gas are in a 30.0 liter scuba canister if the temperature of the canister is 300.0 K and the pressure is 200.0 atmospheres?
What is 244 moles?
To find the final concentration of a solution after adding more solvent, you would use this specific formula, where M represents molarity and V represents volume.
What is M1V1 = M2V2? (The Dilution Equation)
To convert from the mass of Reactant A to the mass of Product B, you must first convert grams of A to moles, then use this "bridge" found in the balanced equation.
What is the Mole Ratio?
What is the final temperature when 625 grams of water at 75.0° C loses 7.96 x 10^4 J?
What is 44° C
How many moles of gas does it take to occupy 120.0 liters at a pressure of 2.3 atmospheres and a temperature of 340 K?
What is 8.8?