PE and Configurations
A reaction that releases energy or has a Delta H that is less than zero
What is an exothermic reaction?
An equation used to measure the reactants that contribute to the speed of a reaction.
What is a RATE law?
A molecule with a carboxylic acid (COOH) somewhere in it.
What is a weak acid?
These molecules are "Nucleus-loving" and "Electron-loving," respectively.
What are nucleophiles and electrophiles?
This combination of letters and numbers stand for nucleophilic substitution reactions with either one or two reactants.
What are SN1 and SN2 reactions?
This is the sign of a reaction that has a greater number of configurations in the reactants than in the products.
What is a negative Delta S (entropy)?
The step in a reaction with the highest activation energy (EA) which we use to determine the overall RATE reaction.
What is the slow step?
The pH range of bases.
What is a pH greater than 7.0?
This is the part of a molecule that has a high electron density.
What is a nucleophilic center?
This arrow stands for bond breaking.
What is an arrow that is only in one molecule? / What is an arrow that shows the electrons moving from an atom to the bond that it is attached to?
This is when the products have a lower potential energy than the reactants.
What is an energetically favored reaction?
An order of reactant that produces a horizontal concentration versus rate graph
What is a zeroth order reactant?
The products that arise upon the reaction of an acid with a base, are weaker than the corresponding reactions, and can react with each other to recreate the original acid/base.
The double bond in cyclohexene - aka a place where an electrophile is going to interact.
What is the nucleophilic center in cyclohexene?
There are three steps in this kind of popular reaction.
How many steps are in a hydration reaction?
A PEC diagram with the P in the upper-left corner and the R in the lower-right corner. (Give signs of Delta H and Delta S)
What is the PEC diagram with a Delta H > 0 and a Delta S < 0?
The reaction rate order that results from this table:
t [C]
0 0.500
20 0.335
30 0.274
40 0.225
50 0.184
70 0.123
What is a first-order reaction?
pH = 14 + log( C0 * Kb ) ^1/2
What is the equation for the pH of a weak base?
This is the chemical rule that states that the positive charge will always be localized on the most substituted carbon.
What is Markovnikov's Rule?
This is the reactant whose oxidation state (OS) decreases during the reaction.
What is the oxidizing agent?
The kind of reaction in which you would want to increase the temperature in order to create more products. (Give signs of Delta H and Delta S, as well)
What is a temperature dependent reaction with Delta H < 0 and Delta S < 0?
The reaction which results from this table (has this activation energy):
T(K) k/h
308 0.0366
310 0.0490
312 0.0708
What reaction that has an activation energy of ~132 kJ?
This molecule will have a positive charge on its acidic atom at pH's lower than 6.3 and be in its base form at pH's higher than that. (List its pKb)
What is a base with a pKb of 7.7?
The electrophile in the hydration of an alkene.
What is H2O?
This is (likely) the only kind of arrow that is both bond-breaking and bond-forming.
What is the breaking of a double/triple bond to form a different bond?