Delta H - Enthalpy
What is the DH subscript when matter is transformed from a reactant to a product
Enthalpy of "reaction"
DH (rxn)
What equation can solve for the heat required to make a temperature change of substance
q = mCsDT
heat = M-CAT
A law that states the amount of dissolved gas in a given volume of solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of gas above the solvent.
Henry's Law
Explain how you would explain that an exothermic reaction that increases disorder is spontaneous
Exothermic is negative DH
Disorder is positive DS
DG is negative = Spontaneous since
DG = DH - TDS would be negative
Is the table of standard cell potentials written as reductions or oxidations? Show what that looks like
Written as Stard Reduction Potentials
2H+ + 2e --> H2
(electrons on the left)
Subscript on DH for:
Enthalpy of a Compound minus Enthalpy of the elements that compose the compound
Enthalpy of "formation"
DH (f)
What is the equation we use to track the amount of heat that leaves a hot substances and is absorbed by a cooler substance it is in contact with
-q (system) = q (surroundings)
or -q (hot) = q (cool)
Raoult's Law
Is a reaction guaranteed to be spontanous if endothermic and disorder increases?
not guaranteed. If the temperature is high enough it would produce a negative DG
What is the Coordination number of a metal ion in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry?
CN= 5
Subscript on DH that describes the energy needed to change a substance from a liquid to a gas state
Enthalpy of Vaporization
DH (vap)
What is the point of finding Q(data) in a statistical Q-test?
a Q-test is an analysis that allows you to confirm whether an outlier data point is statistically bad enough to discard
The pH of a buffer solution can be estimated by this equation.
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation.
If DG = -2840 kJ/mol for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O what is the Gibb's energy for the reverse reaction (photosynthesis)?
DG = +2840 kJ/mol
Energy absorbed from the sun
When balancing a equation in acidic conditions, what do you do if a half reaction has oxygens on the product side but not the reactant side? How do you go about adding oxygen to the side that needs them?
Add water to the deficient side then counter the other side with H+ to make up for the hydrogens that compose water.
Subscript on DH that describes the energy needed to change a substance from a solid to a liquid state
Enthalpy of fusion
DH (fus)
For a slightly soluble compound, would you observe a precipitate if Q is greater or less than K?
if Q> K you have exceeded solubility limits and you would observe a precipitate.
Equation that allows us to estimate the vapor pressure of a substance at different temperatures
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
When is the following equation necessary to use?
DG = DG^0 +RT ln Q
When the process is not at standard state and not at equilibrium.
How many pure orbitals and how many hybrid orbitals on an atom that is sp2 hybridized?
1 pure p-orbital and 3 hybrids each called an sp2 hybrid orbital
For standard enthalpy, what is the standard value of pressure for a gas, and concentration for a solution?
Standard: 1.0 for gas, 1M for solution.
Explain what q (calorimeter) means in the following equation
-q (hot) = q (melt) + q (cool water) + q (calorimeter)
q (calorimeter) describes the heat that is lost to the calorimeter such as the heat that get absorbed by the styrofoam, thermometer, and lost to the surrounding air.
Equation that relates the speed of a reaction to the temperature the reaction is occurring (also a name applied to an acid/base theory)
Arrhenius Equation.
Which DG is set equal to zero when Q = K?
DG = DG^0 +RT ln Q
The DG on the left of the equals-sign
Which of the following bonding theories include hybridization
a. VSEPR b. Valence Bond c. Molecular Orbital
d. Crystal Field
b. Valence Bond Theory